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In reply to the discussion: Student in pro-Trump hat sets off taunting, dialogue at South Portland High [View all]bhikkhu
(10,732 posts)...so, legally, he doesn't have the rights he thinks he has.
I sympathize a bit, as that situation drove me up the wall when I was a teenager, but then I understand much better why it is the case being older.
A demonstration of the lack of those rights is easy - if his parents want to take away his hat, that is their right and he has no legal recourse. If the school wants to prohibit political slogans, or any slogans, on clothing during school hours or on school grounds, that is their right as the legal caregiver of the child. Again, the child has no legal recourse, and dress codes at public schools are most often stricter than what parents would allow. In my own area, hats of any kind can't be worn inside a school building.
Also consider contract law - the signature of a child is legally valid for nothing, as the requisite of mental competence is not considered satisfied until an (arbitrary) age of maturity is reached.
One of the basic principles in a public school is that it is tasked with educating children, and any act or behavior of an individual that interferes with that process may be suppressed. Constitutional rights don't apply until maturity.