The root cause is high levels of available energy flow through the society.
High energy flows enable over-consumption by making resources of all kinds more accessible.
They also force the society into higher levels of stratification, because self-organization is driven by energy flow. Deeper hierarchies make it easier to manage high levels of energy flow, so they tend to appear naturally wherever there is a lot of energy to be managed. This effect underlies the structural difference between a forager tribe (low energy, low levels of resource use, very little hierarchy) and a modern corporation (high energy, high resource usage, high stratification). Think of the rise of the gilded age in America, concurrent with the increasing exploitation of fossil fuels.
So long as a civilization has a high level of energy flow we will not be able to get rid of either collective over-consumption or general inequality. These factors are not the result of some failure of the human socio-cultural mind. They are the natural result when our evolutionary tendency towards growth comes into contact with and high, sustained energy throughput. A positive feedback loop results, one that could be expected to drive us along exactly the path we find ourselves on.
I don't think there is any way off this path, because the system of global civilization has no central decision-making control node. As a result we are collectively at the mercy of our evolved nature and the energy flow. So long as global exergy availability (exergy is another term for "final energy use" continues to increase, so will resource depletion and systemic social inequality.
IMHO