NSF, NOAA Research, Landsat Data, FEMA Response To California Fires - All Subject To Shutdown
EDIT
Meanwhile, NASA which gathers climate and weather data via its satellites will see a lot of its work stop apart from critical activities to maintain safety. This includes protecting those astronauts currently in space, as well as keeping the satellites in orbit. As a NASA spokesperson told ThinkProgress, essential personnel continue to ensure that the satellites operate properly, and this includes gathering data.
NASAs Landsat satellite data for instance is used by people around the world. But just because the programs will continue to gather data doesnt mean scientists will have access to it. According to NASAs contingency plan, its website goes dark during a shutdown. All Nasa.gov websites are turned off during a shut down, the spokesperson said, so all data shared there would not be available.
Finally, at NOAA, about half of its 11,400 employees will be furloughed. But many that work on weather and climate will keep working just not necessarily with a paycheck during that time.
Housed under NOAA, for example, is the National Weather Service. This means that some operational weather forecasters and others considered critical to public safety would continue working, including those that monitor hurricanes and tsunamis.
EDIT
https://thinkprogress.org/climate-science-impacts-affected-by-government-shutdown-4c224e33b095/