I think you may be purposefully conflating issues, which is also known as creating straw-men.
States have authority to create regulations.
Governance by regulatory agencies at ALL levels, is a common practice because legislatures, county boards and city councils generally acknowledge both a lack of expertise and interest in the detailed day to day attendance to needs that IS much of governance.
Most state make provisions to challenge regulation... it is after all not done by people elected to govern and there must be some means of preventing dictatorships by regulators. Usually challenges are made directly to the agency, if that process doesn't reconcile the disputing parties, there is typically an option to go to court for resolution.
But the truth is elected representatives of the people shrug off the work to "bureaucrats", aka regulatory experts in the fields of interest, who are often treated with disdain even though they carry all the water.
Public Health agencies typically have broad powers to act, aka, issue orders that the targets of the orders are expected to comply with in order to protect people.
When I worked in TB as an epidemiologist I regularly had conversations with public health nurses to ensure that they -witnessed- the taking of mandated medication provided at no cost by the state People were really forced to take pills!
Based on statistical analyses showing significant associations with occurrences of illness and consumption of those products--work done by bureaucrats...me and my colleagues...companies were forced to remove product from sales. Sometimes very large dollar values of inventory were forced to be diverted from human consumption or destroyed.
Those orders were made under provisions for regulatory government. I think it helped reduce infections disease in the community. I don't want to be on buses with people who have drug resistant TB, I don't want E coli contaminated meat to be in my shopping cart. I don't think other people do either. Control of those things happens under regulatory authority granted by elected government, and YES, there -IS- enforcement.
Now, regulations, like laws, can be good or not so good, even terrible. It's not hard to imagine how bad things could be if a political person decides to insert themselves into regulation for political reasons/ideology. Political people who are basically ignorant on details of the regulatory agency sometimes force actions just because they think they need to look like they are doing something about a high profile issue in the media
I suspect the mandatory quarantines for Ebola have a big component of that sort of thing.
Nonetheless, when a state regulatory agency issues an order, states stand behind the enforcement of those orders, regardless of the goodness or badness of the policy or whether the decision making process was perfect or flawed.
Companies hate it when they are told to pull products out of the market, or to shut down a processing plant and clean it, or to throw away tons of peanuts because they've sat in bins in barns and are full of bird shit. They don't like it a bit. Sometimes they go to court, and the states typically try to stand firm behind their decisions.
Restricting a person's freedom isn't trivial. It is a burden, probably a great burden. On top of the issue of being forced against a persons will, it risks their job, probably causes lost wages and benefits, and may require paying for services...someone has to bring them food, etc.
But, public health agencies are often given authority to do such things by state law, because historically there have been occasions when such things were necessary (when I was a kid my father was 'imprisoned' in a TB sanitarium for 4 months, mostly waiting for surgery to remove a lobe of his lung, Rifampin or other medication to make him non-contagious wasn't available at that time).
So. I appreciate that quarantines create conflicts with personal liberty, but I also appreciate that regulatory authority is essential to functions I want, and I think the public depends upon, in public health
I have the feeling that you don't have any such appreciation for the significant role in governance played by regulatory agencies.
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