I do not know enough about the specific manufacturing processes that will be affected, so I cannot really draw any solid conclusions. My inclination, however, is that any time human labor is replaced by a machine, energy use increases. I do not believe we can maintain our current energy consumption levels, much less increase them, without devastating climate effects.
I see no viable form of renewable energy that is fully capable of replacing fossil fuels. Biofuels displace food crops and have very poor EROI when agricultural emissions and processing are taken into account. Solar and wind are not consistent. Nuclear has great risk, and still generates considerable emissions when the full life cycle of extraction, processing, plant construction and maintenance, and decommissioning are taken into account. Hydropower has terrible effects on ecology, and the anaerobic decomposition that occurs in accumulating sediments at the dam generate methane emissions.
In short, it seems to me that we are facing the necessity of radical change in terms of the resources we consume and the waste that we generate, particularly our energy use. If 3d printing contributes to reduction in consumption and waste, then perhaps it is viable. If it results in an increase, then adopting 3D printing is just one more factor in our global suicide.
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