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Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsWhy we must wear masks: talking, even breathing, expels microscopic droplets.
The louder we talk, the more potentially infectious droplets we released, with singing being about as bad as nonstop coughing. That explains why we have such big outbresks in churches. But even simple breathing releases micrscopic droplets that could contain viruses.
From a 2019 article in Nature:
It has long been recognized that particles expelled during human expiratory events, such as sneezing, coughing, talking, and breathing, serve as vehicles for respiratory pathogen transmission.
The relative contribution of each expiratory activity in transmitting infectious microorganisms, however, remains unclear. Much previous research has focused on coughing and sneezing activities that yield relatively large droplets (approximately 50 ?m or larger) easily visible to the naked eye. Less noticeable, but arguably more infectious for some diseases, are the smaller particles emitted during sneezing and coughing as well as during breathing and talking. These small particles are believed to be generated during breathing and talking from the mucosal layers coating the respiratory tract via a combination of a fluid-film burst mechanism within the bronchioles and from vocal folds adduction and vibration within the larynx. The particles emitted during breathing and typical speech predominantly average only 1 ?m in diameter and are thus too small to see without specialized equipment; most people outside of the community of bioaerosol researchers are less aware of them.
Despite their small size, however, these micron-scale particles are sufficiently large to carry a variety of respiratory pathogens such as measles virus (50500?nm), influenza virus (100?nm1?µm), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (13?µm). Indeed, recent work by Yan et al. has confirmed that significant amounts of influenza viral RNA are present in small particles (<5 ?m) emitted by influenza-infected individuals during natural breathing, without coughing or sneezing. These small particles are potentially more infectious than larger sneeze- or cough-generated droplets for several reasons. First, smaller particles persist in the air for longer time periods before setting by gravity, thus increasing the probability of inhalation by susceptible individuals. Second, smaller particles have a larger probability of penetrating further into the respiratory tract of a susceptible individual to initiate a lower respiratory tract infection. Third, and perhaps most importantly, speech can release dramatically larger numbers of particles compared to coughing. Early work by Papineni and Rosenthal and Loudon and Roberts reported that speaking (as exemplified by counting aloud) releases about 210 times as many total particles as a single cough. Similarly, Loudon and Roberts investigated the role of singing in the spread of tuberculosis and showed that the percentage of airborne droplet nuclei generated by singing is 6 times more than that emitted during normal talking and approximately equivalent to that released by coughing. More recent work using advanced particle characterization techniques have yielded similar results. Chao et al. used an interferometric imaging technique to obtain the size distribution of particles larger than 2 ?m and found that counting aloud from 1 to 100 releases at least 6 times as many particles as an individual cough. Likewise, Morawska and coworkers reported that counting aloud for 10?seconds followed by 10?seconds of breathing, repeated over two minutes, releases half as many particles as 30?seconds of continual coughing, which in turn releases half as many particles as saying aah for 30?seconds. They also reported that more particles are released when speech is voiced, which involves vocal folds vibration, rather than whispered, which does not.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38808-z
pbmus
(12,422 posts)SunSeeker
(51,559 posts)SheltieLover
(57,073 posts)BigmanPigman
(51,593 posts)comes out of us through normal talking. Also, even just breathing normally releases virus into the air. That is why I have worn a mask for the past 3 weeks whenever I have gone out (only a few times) and will continue to wear the used/recycled ones over and over rotating their use so that I don't wear the same one twice in one month since the virus will die in the exposed air within 30 days. I have a few saved from over the years (one is from 1999, an antique). It is better than nothing. I can deal with the dirt and grime on the masks, as long as it isn't the virus I do not care.
SunSeeker
(51,559 posts)BigmanPigman
(51,593 posts)The "experts" say 14 days is safe (that is the asymptomatic number) so I doubled it to be super safe. They don't know so much about this and I do not trust most of what I hear and decided to be overly cautious.
SunSeeker
(51,559 posts)From the Harvard website:
There's a lot we still don't know, such as how different conditions, such as exposure to sunlight, heat, or cold, can affect these survival times.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-basics
Where have you seen the 14-day estimate?
BigmanPigman
(51,593 posts)a person can be asymptomatic (of course this can change and may not be accurate). I figure that if I do have the virus and am asymptomatic than if the virus particles are in my used, or even a new mask, after 14 days any virus would be dead. This way I can't give the germs to someone else or give it back to myself (no one knows if they have/had it without a test). We must test, test, TEST everyone to be safe. We don't know how long you are immune (or even if you ARE indeed immune or can catch it again right away) even if you did have it.
I watched the TV special called Into The Red Zone about life in Italy where it started and am not taking any chances.
SunSeeker
(51,559 posts)SheltieLover
(57,073 posts)I readcsomewhere yesterday (cannot recall source) that now docs are saying incubation period is more like 3 weeks & quarentine period should be at least that long after exposure.
Of course corp media isn't going to publicize this, but I lije your overly cautious approach! 👍
BigmanPigman
(51,593 posts)instead of overly cautious (a thin line these days). I didn't hear about the 3 week time frame but am not surprised. I did hear on cable news over a week ago that virus particles are in the air (from talking and breathing) in a closed room for many hours but they do not know how long they linger or what the chances are that you can get the virus from inhaling the air in the same room.
Ani Yun Wiya
(797 posts)I saw one article where someone was infectious and shedding for 49 days...
I will try to find the original article, though the source may have been Reuters.
here it is from the New York Post
https://nypost.com/2020/04/02/chinese-researchers-find-coronavirus-patient-contagious-for-49-days/
Edited for accuracy and source of information.
BigmanPigman
(51,593 posts)"The rare case was the longest known duration of viral shedding in a patient. The previous record was 37 days."
"Researchers warned there could be other chronically infected patients, who were more likely to be neglected but could spread the infection in their surroundings and cause a new outbreak."
Thanks for the info...definitely saving that one for reference!
smirkymonkey
(63,221 posts)I had a horrible cold/cough during the month of December where I was coughing so hard I was throwing up. I still don't feel like I am fully recovered.
I just have minor upper and lower respiratory lingering symptoms, but I am afraid that if I caught something like this I would have a hard time fighting it off. I don't really have any other health problems other than thyroid issues, which are being treated with medication. I think it's mostly allergies/sinus problems - and Benedryl does a great job at relieving them, but it makes me sleepy.
I guess I will just have to continue to keep quarantined at home. Haven't left my apartment in 3 weeks except to go to the lobby to pick up groceries. I will not leave the house without a makeshift mask.
SunSeeker
(51,559 posts)Finally put that sewing machine mom left me to good use. I don't really know how to sew, but I know how to thread the needle and turn it on. The masks aren't pretty but they do the job, kinda like a lot of us. LOL
I've been following these easy instructions::
And I applied the suggestion of this one to use a plastic-coated twist tie to make a nose clip:
And here's one you can make in seconds without any sewing- just need two rubber bands and a hanky/bandana. https://www.facebook.com/groups/koronavirushrvatska/permalink/565572420981204/
Cotton cloth face masks really do protect us and others. Here's a really interesting video by a couple of researchers who explain how the Czech Republic was able to get the virus under control using homemade masks:
One of those researchers put out this video showing how to make a very effective mask out of a simple cotton t-shirt, all you need is a pair of scissors:
I highly recommend you watch the above video!
smirkymonkey
(63,221 posts)I couldn't sew anything if my life depended on it.
I haven't left the apartment for 3 weeks except to go to the lobby to pick up groceries, packages or mail, but if I do leave I will use one of my many scarves as protection/disease prevention gear.
Stay healthy, SunSeeker!