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Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 09:59 AM Jan 2019

37 Years Ago Today; Air Florida Flight 90 plunges into Potomac River after takeoff

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Florida_Flight_90



Air Florida Flight 90 was a scheduled U.S. domestic passenger flight operated by Air Florida from Washington National Airport to Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport with an intermediate stopover at Tampa International Airport. On January 13, 1982, the Boeing 737-222 registered as N62AF crashed into the 14th Street Bridge over the Potomac River just two miles from the White House.



The aircraft struck the 14th Street Bridge, which carries Interstate 395 between Washington, D.C. and Arlington County, Virginia. It struck seven occupied vehicles on the bridge and destroyed 97 feet (30 m) of guard rail before it plunged through the ice into the Potomac River. The aircraft was carrying 74 passengers and five crewmembers. Four passengers and one flight attendant were rescued from the crash and survived. Another passenger, Arland D. Williams, Jr., assisted in the rescue of the survivors but drowned before he himself could be rescued. Four motorists on the bridge were killed. The survivors were rescued from the icy river by civilians and professionals. President Ronald Reagan commended these acts during his State of the Union speech a few days later.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the cause of the accident was pilot error. The pilots failed to switch on the engines' internal ice protection systems, used reverse thrust in a snowstorm prior to takeoff, tried to use the jet exhaust of a plane in front of them to melt their ice, and failed to abort the takeoff even after detecting a power problem while taxiing and seeing ice and snow buildup on the wings.

<snip>

As the takeoff roll began, the first officer noted several times to the captain that the instrument panel readings he was seeing did not seem to reflect reality (he was referring to the fact that the plane did not appear to have developed as much power as it needed for takeoff, despite the instruments indicating otherwise). The captain dismissed these concerns, then he let the takeoff proceed.

Investigators determined that there was plenty of time and space on the runway for the captain to have aborted the takeoff, and criticized his refusal to listen to his first officer, who was correct that the instrument panel readings were wrong. The pilot was told not to delay because another aircraft was 2.5 miles out (4 km) on final approach to the same runway. The following is a transcript of Flight 90's cockpit voice recorder during the plane's acceleration down the runway.

15:59:32 CAM-1 Okay, your throttles.

15:59:35 [SOUND OF ENGINE SPOOLUP]

15:59:49 CAM-1 Holler if you need the wipers.

15:59:51 CAM-1 It's spooled. Really cold here, real cold.

15:59:58 CAM-2 God, look at that thing. That don't seem right, does it? Ah, that's not right.

16:00:09 CAM-1 Yes it is, there's eighty.

16:00:10 CAM-2 Naw, I don't think that's right. Ah, maybe it is.

16:00:21 CAM-1 Hundred and twenty.

16:00:23 CAM-2 I don't know.

16:00:31 CAM-1 V1. Easy, V2.

—?Transcript, Air Florida Flight 90 Cockpit Voice Recorder


As the plane became briefly airborne, the voice recorder picked up the following from the cockpit, with the sound of the stick-shaker (a device that warns that the plane is in danger of stalling) in the background:

16:00:39 [SOUND OF STICKSHAKER STARTS AND CONTINUES UNTIL IMPACT]

16:00:41 TWR Palm 90 contact departure control.

16:00:45 CAM-1 Forward, forward, easy. We only want five hundred.

16:00:48 CAM-1 Come on forward....forward, just barely climb.

16:00:59 CAM-1 Stalling, we're falling!

16:01:00 CAM-2 Larry, we're going down, Larry....

16:01:01 CAM-1 I know!

16:01:01 [SOUND OF IMPACT]

—?Transcript, Air Florida Flight 90 Cockpit Voice Recorder


The aircraft traveled almost half a mile (800 m) farther down the runway than is customary before liftoff was accomplished. Survivors of the crash indicated the trip over the runway was extremely rough, with survivor Joe Stiley – a businessman and private pilot – saying that he believed that they would not get airborne and would "fall off the end of the runway". When the plane became airborne, Stiley told his co-worker (and survivor) Nikki Felch to assume the crash position, with some nearby passengers following their example.

Although the 737 did manage to become airborne, it attained a maximum altitude of just 352 feet (107 m) before it began losing altitude. Recorders later indicated that the aircraft was airborne for just 30 seconds. At 4:01 p.m. EST, it crashed into the 14th Street Bridge across the Potomac River, 0.75 nautical miles (1,390 m) from the end of the runway. The plane hit six cars and a truck on the bridge, and tore away 97 feet (30 m) of the bridge's rail and 41 feet (12 m) of the bridge's wall. The aircraft then plunged into the freezing Potomac River. It fell between two of the three spans of the bridge, between the I-395 northbound span (the Rochambeau Bridge) and the HOV north- and southbound spans, about 200 feet (61 m) offshore. All but the tail section quickly became submerged.

Of the people on board the aircraft:

Four of the crew members (including both pilots) died.
One crew member was seriously injured.
70 of the 74 passengers died.
19 occupants were believed to have survived the impact, but their injuries prevented them from escaping.

Of the motorists on the bridge involved:
4 sustained fatal injuries
1 sustained serious injuries
3 sustained minor injuries

Clinging to the tail section of the broken airliner in the ice-choked Potomac River were flight attendant Kelly Duncan and four passengers: Patricia "Nikki" Felch, Joe Stiley, Arland D. Williams Jr. (strapped and tangled in his seat) and Priscilla Tirado. Duncan inflated the only flotation device they could find and passed it to the severely injured Felch. Passenger Bert Hamilton, who was floating in the water nearby, was the first to be pulled from the water.

Crash response

Many federal offices in downtown Washington had closed early that day in response to quickly developing blizzard conditions. Thus, there was a massive backup of traffic on almost all of the city's roads, making it very difficult for ambulances to reach the crash site. The Coast Guard's 65-foot (20 m) harbor tugboat Capstan (WYTL 65601) and its crew were based nearby; their duties include ice breaking and responding to water rescues. The Capstan was considerably farther downriver on another search-and-rescue mission. Emergency ground response was greatly hampered by ice-covered roads and gridlocked traffic, ambulances dispatched at 4:07 pm took 20 minutes to reach the scene of the crash. Ambulances attempting to reach the scene were even driven down the sidewalk in front of the White House. Rescuers who reached the site were unable to assist survivors in the water because they did not have adequate equipment to reach them. Below-freezing waters and heavy ice made swimming out to them impossible. Multiple attempts to throw a makeshift lifeline (made out of belts and any other things available that could be tied together) out to the survivors proved ineffective. The rescue attempts by emergency officials and witnesses were recorded and broadcast live by area news reporters, and as the accident occurred in the nation's capital, there were large numbers of media personnel on hand to provide quick and extensive coverage.

Roger Olian, a sheetmetal foreman at St. Elizabeths Hospital, a Washington psychiatric hospital, was on his way home across the 14th Street Bridge in his truck when he heard a man yelling that there was an aircraft in the water. He was the first to jump into the water to attempt to reach the survivors. At the same time, several military personnel from the Pentagon—Steve Raynes, Aldo De La Cruz and Steve Bell—ran down to the water's edge to help Olian.

He only traveled a few yards and came back, ice sticking to his body. We asked him to not try again, but he insisted. Someone grabbed some short rope and battery cables and he went out again, maybe only going 30 feet. We pulled him back. Someone had backed up their jeep and we picked him up and put him in there. All anyone could do was tell the survivors was to hold on not to give up hope. There were a few pieces of the plane on shore that were smoldering and you could hear the screams of the survivors. More people arrived near the shore from the bridge but nobody could do anything. The ice was broken up and there was no way to walk out there. It was so eerie, an entire plane vanished except for a tail section, the survivors and a few pieces of plane debris. The smell of jet fuel was everywhere and you could smell it on your clothes. The snow on the banks was easily two feet high and your legs and feet would fall deep into it every time you moved from the water.

At this point, flight controllers were aware only that the plane had disappeared from radar and did not respond to radio calls, but had no idea of either what had happened or the plane's location.

At approximately 4:20 p.m. EST, Eagle 1, a United States Park Police Bell 206L-1 Long Ranger helicopter (registry number N22PP), based at the "Eagles Nest" at Anacostia Park in Washington and manned by pilot Donald W. Usher and paramedic Melvin E. Windsor, arrived and began attempting to airlift the survivors to shore. At great risk to themselves, the crew worked close to the water's surface, at one time coming so close to the ice-clogged river that the helicopter's skids dipped beneath the surface.

The helicopter crew lowered a line to survivors to tow them to shore. First to receive the line was Bert Hamilton, who was treading water about ten feet from the plane's floating tail. The pilot pulled him across the ice to shore while avoiding the sides of the bridge. By then some fire/rescue personnel had arrived to join the military personnel and civilians who pulled Hamilton (and the next/last three survivors) from the water's edge up to waiting ambulances. The helicopter returned to the aircraft's tail, and this time Arland D. Williams Jr. (sometimes referred to as "the sixth passenger" ) caught the line. Williams, not able to unstrap himself from the wreckage, passed the line to flight attendant Kelly Duncan, who was towed to shore. On its third trip back to the wreckage, the helicopter lowered two lifelines, fearing that the remaining survivors had only a few minutes before succumbing to hypothermia. Williams, still strapped into the wreckage, passed one line to Joe Stiley, who was holding on to a panic-stricken and blinded (from jet fuel) Priscilla Tirado, who had lost her husband and baby. Stiley's co-worker, Nikki Felch, took the second line. As the helicopter pulled the three through the water and blocks of ice toward shore, both Tirado and Felch lost their grip and fell back into the water.

Priscilla Tirado was too weak to grab the line when the helicopter returned to her. A watching bystander, Congressional Budget Office assistant Lenny Skutnik, stripped off his coat and boots, and in short sleeves, dove into the icy water and swam out to successfully pull her to shore. The helicopter then proceeded to where Felch had fallen, and paramedic Gene Windsor stepped out onto the helicopter skid and grabbed her by the clothing to lift her onto the skid with him, bringing her to shore. When the helicopter crew returned for Williams, the wreckage he was strapped into had rolled slightly, submerging him—according to the coroner, Williams was the only passenger to die by drowning. His body and those of the other occupants were later recovered.



While the weather had caused an early start to Washington's rush hour traffic, frustrating the response time of emergency crews, the early rush hour also meant that trains on the Washington Metro were full when, just 30 minutes after Flight 90 crashed, the Metro suffered its first fatal crash at Federal Triangle station. This meant that Washington's nearest airport, one of its main bridges in or out of the city, and one of its busiest subway lines were all closed simultaneously, paralyzing the entire metropolitan area.

</snip>


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37 Years Ago Today; Air Florida Flight 90 plunges into Potomac River after takeoff (Original Post) Dennis Donovan Jan 2019 OP
I remember that tragedy malaise Jan 2019 #1
IIRC, it happened the first or 2nd week after Dan Rather took over for Walter Cronkite... Dennis Donovan Jan 2019 #4
I learn new things here daily malaise Jan 2019 #6
I was just thinking about this and Lenny Skutnik the other day... 50 Shades Of Blue Jan 2019 #2
Me, too. brer cat Jan 2019 #13
I was in the same traffic as you. My carpool members were stunned and we passed the bridge CTyankee Jan 2019 #19
I remember this so well. Chemisse Jan 2019 #3
Oh my god that was 37 years ago? If you would doc03 Jan 2019 #5
Cause RAB910 Jan 2019 #7
Ice - the airfoil's natural enemy... Dennis Donovan Jan 2019 #9
I am hooked on the TV Program- Air Disasters RAB910 Jan 2019 #10
I watched two episodes of that series back to back a couple of weeks, and BOTH of bullwinkle428 Jan 2019 #12
I lived in Northern Virginia. Are_grits_groceries Jan 2019 #8
lived in No Va at the time. there was also a fatal crash in the Merto (subway). big bad day. KG Jan 2019 #11
Wow. I had forgotten about that. Gore1FL Jan 2019 #14
That runaway approach to DCA is something else.. HipChick Jan 2019 #15
Living on a kibbutz in Israel. bikebloke Jan 2019 #16
Every single time I had driven across that bridge, MrScorpio Jan 2019 #17
One of my biggest fears. What a nightmare for the people on board that flight. smirkymonkey Jan 2019 #18
... Scurrilous Jan 2019 #20
FAA has a great site called Lessons Learned hardluck Jan 2019 #21

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
4. IIRC, it happened the first or 2nd week after Dan Rather took over for Walter Cronkite...
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:18 AM
Jan 2019

Last edited Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:49 AM - Edit history (1)

I still remember the breaking news with Dan reporting. And Lenny Skutnik's appearance at the SOTU shortly after the accident is credited with starting the trend of POTUSes having special "guests" in the gallery during a speech. Such people are colloquially known as "Skutniks" today:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Lenny_Skutniks

List of "Lenny Skutniks"

1982
Lenny Skutnik was indicated as an example of the American ideal; immediately before noting Skutnik, Reagan first pointed out Jeremiah Denton, a Senator who had formerly been held as a prisoner of war in Vietnam.

1984
Reagan pointed to Sergeant Stephen Trujillo, a medic during the Invasion of Grenada in October 1983.

1999
Clinton pointed out Rosa Parks for her role as an icon of the American Civil Rights Movement. Sammy Sosa, a right fielder in Major League Baseball who had surpassed Roger Maris's home run total of 61 in a single season, was pointed out for his athletic achievements and role in rededicating a rebuilt hospital in the Dominican Republic.

2000
Clinton pointed to a number of people: Tom Mauser, father of Columbine victim Daniel Mauser and anti-gun Advocate; Lloyd Bentsen, former United States Senator from Texas and former Treasury Secretary; Tipper Gore, then Second Lady of the United States; Carlos Rosas, a father from Minnesota; Captain John Cherrey, airman who served during the Kosovo Conflict; and William Cohen, then-Secretary of Defense, with his wife, Janet Langhart.

2002
Lisa Beamer, widow of Todd Beamer, a victim of the September 11, 2001 attacks aboard United Airlines Flight 93, who possibly led the charge against that aircraft's hijackers, was pointed to by George W. Bush. Tony Blair, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was also pointed to by the President.

2003
Two members of the new Afghan government, interim leader Chairman Hamid Karzai and Minister of Women's Affairs, Dr. Sima Samar, were welcomed and mentioned by George W. Bush. Shannon Spann, widow of CIA officer and Marine Michael Spann who was killed in Mazar-e-Sharif, was also pointed out by the President. Finally, George W. Bush thanked Hermis Moutardier and Christina Jones, two flight attendants on American Airlines Flight 63, aboard which an attempted suicide bombing was prevented by their actions.

2004
Adnan Pachachi, the President of the Iraqi Governing Council, was pointed to by George W. Bush.

2007
Four individuals were pointed to in the "heroes box": Dikembe Mutombo, a basketball player originally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo who had recently helped fund the building of a hospital in Kinshasa; Wesley Autrey, a New York City construction worker who saved a man who had fallen onto subway tracks; Julie Aigner-Clark, creator of the Baby Einstein toy line; and Sergeant Tommy Riemann, injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom.

2010
Leonard Abess was the longtime owner and CEO of City National Bank of Florida and was cited by Barack Obama for distributing the $60 million sale price of his bank to over 400 current and former employees in the form of bonuses. Although not mentioned in the address, Chesley Sullenberger, who had saved the passengers of his jetliner which he had ditched in Hudson River, was a guest of the President.

2011
Daniel Hernández Jr., the man who saved Gabrielle Giffords's life during the 2011 Tucson shooting, was a guest of President Obama.

2012
Jackie Bray, a single mom from North Carolina who had lost her job and retrained in a program created by Siemens and Central Piedmont Community College, was pointed to by President Obama.[8] Laurene Powell Jobs, the widow of Steve Jobs, was shown when the president mentioned Steve Jobs. Bryan Ritterby, who was hired by a wind turbine manufacturer, was also pointed to. Richard Cordray, the director of the United States Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, was also mentioned. Debbie Bosanke, the secretary of Warren Buffett, was mentioned by the president when he mentioned the Buffett Rule.

2013
Bobak Ferdowsi, a systems engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, had gained media fame in August 2012, when he wore an unusual mohawk hairstyle during the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity landing. Ferdowsi's father was an immigrant to the United States from Iran, and his presence was meant "to highlight President Barack Obama's call for more visas for skilled immigrants in the fields of math, science and engineering."

2014
Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg, who was almost killed by a massive roadside bomb in Afghanistan, and suffered a three-month coma and partial paralysis as a result.

2016
Former United States Air Force staff sergeant Spencer Stone, who helped foil a terrorist attack on a Paris-bound train travelling from Amsterdam via Brussels in August 2015. He was a guest of First Lady Michelle Obama.

2018
Coast Guard Petty Officer Ashley Leppert, who rescued dozens of people from a helicopter during Hurricane Harvey; firefighter David Dahlberg, who rescued 62 children from California wildfires; Steve Staub, a business owner who hired more workers on account of recent tax cuts, along with one of his employees, Corey Adams; Preston Sharp, a twelve-year-old who organized the placing of over 40,000 American flags on the graves of veterans; Evelyn Rodriguez, Freddie Cuevas, Elizabeth Alvarado, and Robert Mickens, the parents of two girls who were murdered by members of MS-13; Homeland Security agent Celestino Martinez, who has spent his career fighting violent street gangs; police officer Ryan Holets and his wife Rebecca, who adopted a baby from a homeless woman; Army Staff Sergeant Justin Peck, who rescued his infantry squad mate Kenton Stacy; Fred and Cindy Warmbier, parents of Otto Warmbier, who died as a result of mistreatment by North Korea; Ji Seong-ho, who escaped from North Korea and whose siblings had to eat dirt to assuage their hunger.




On edit: I confused the Reagan Assassination attempt with AF Flt 90 in regards to what big breaking story took place shortly after Rather took over for Cronkite...

malaise

(269,087 posts)
6. I learn new things here daily
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:40 AM
Jan 2019

Thank you

This year I'd like the FBI to point out the Con and then arrest him

50 Shades Of Blue

(10,023 posts)
2. I was just thinking about this and Lenny Skutnik the other day...
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:14 AM
Jan 2019

I lived in VA and worked in DC then, and will never forget the horror of listening to that story unfolding on the radio while my own carpool struggled to get home that night. I still think of it on the rare occasion I use the 14th Street Bridge. Lenny Skutnik was such a hero!

brer cat

(24,579 posts)
13. Me, too.
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 11:43 AM
Jan 2019

I left work early to pick up my daughter at daycare in Arlington, and had crossed the river about 30 minutes before the crash. It was a bizarre feeling that evening to see the coverage and know it was just blocks away.

CTyankee

(63,912 posts)
19. I was in the same traffic as you. My carpool members were stunned and we passed the bridge
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 04:34 PM
Jan 2019

on our way to northern VA. I remember how snarled the traffic was in DC and how we crawled to another bridge to get across the river. I was shaking when I got out of the car.

We were just so lucky...

Chemisse

(30,813 posts)
3. I remember this so well.
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:16 AM
Jan 2019

I was in the hospital following a miscarriage and was glued to the tv.

Horrific.

doc03

(35,354 posts)
5. Oh my god that was 37 years ago? If you would
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:35 AM
Jan 2019

have asked me I would have said maybe 15 or 20. Damn I am getting old.

RAB910

(3,508 posts)
7. Cause
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 10:47 AM
Jan 2019

Probable Cause
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the flight crew's failure to use engine anti-ice during ground operation and takeoff, their decision to take off with snow/ice on the airfoil surfaces of the aircraft, and the captain's failure to reject the takeoff during the early stage when his attention was called to anomalous engine instrument readings. Contributing to the accident were the prolonged ground delay between deicing and the receipt of ATC takeoff clearance during which the airplane was exposed to continual precipitation, the known inherent pitchup characteristics of the B-737 aircraft when the leading edge is contaminated with even small amounts of snow or ice, and the limited experience of the flightcrew in jet transport winter operations.

https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/AAR8208.aspx

Dennis Donovan

(18,770 posts)
9. Ice - the airfoil's natural enemy...
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 11:03 AM
Jan 2019

Years ago, I worked for an FBO in the midwest (ground ops, plus some flying jobs here and there) and had a based C-310 taxi up to the pumps with rime caked (1/2 in) on the leading edges (an older 310 w/o ice boots). I asked the pilot if he wanted me to get the de-ice truck and spray the surfaces down. Annoyed, he shot back, "you fuel the plane and I'll fly it, okay?" Apparently, just my suggestion was enough to "challenge his authority".

A few hrs later, the local news was reporting a light twin went down south of my airfield - no survivors (only one aboard, thankfully). The next day, the NTSB showed up at my airport and asked me questions regarding the condition of the a/c and pilot. I mentioned the ice and the recalcitrance of the pilot to de-ice. Pretty sure the NTSB ruled pilot error...

RAB910

(3,508 posts)
10. I am hooked on the TV Program- Air Disasters
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 11:06 AM
Jan 2019

So many crashes can be traced to icing. It seems they are learning from their mistakes but it still seems like a more dangerous time to fly.

I can't believe the pilot reacted to you the way he did

bullwinkle428

(20,629 posts)
12. I watched two episodes of that series back to back a couple of weeks, and BOTH of
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 11:25 AM
Jan 2019

the crashes were the result of icing! The Scandinavian Air incident was absolutely unbelievable, in that not a single person on the aircraft died as a result of the crash landing in a clearing of a forest.

Gore1FL

(21,132 posts)
14. Wow. I had forgotten about that.
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 03:06 PM
Jan 2019

I traveled to DC a few months after that crash with my high school orchestra. We crossed the bridge near where it went in.

bikebloke

(5,260 posts)
16. Living on a kibbutz in Israel.
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 03:46 PM
Jan 2019

I heard about it on the BBC World Service radio newscast. Later, a cousin mailed me a newspaper clipping about it.

MrScorpio

(73,631 posts)
17. Every single time I had driven across that bridge,
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 03:59 PM
Jan 2019

I thought about that crash. Even though my first time was five years later.

 

smirkymonkey

(63,221 posts)
18. One of my biggest fears. What a nightmare for the people on board that flight.
Sun Jan 13, 2019, 04:05 PM
Jan 2019

I am glad there were at least a few survivors. I was in college during this accident, so I don't really remember it very well (or at all). We were kind of in our own little bubble up there.

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