“Many of the techniques used would be intolerable in a democratic society even if all of the targets had been involved in violent activity, but COINTELPRO went far beyond that...the Bureau conducted a sophisticated vigilante operation aimed squarely at preventing the exercise of First Amendment rights of speech and association, on the theory that preventing the growth of dangerous groups and the propagation of dangerous ideas would protect the national security and deter violence “ – Church Committee; Final Report; 1976.
In the 1970s, a number of House and Senate Select Committee reports confirmed what Americans on the Democratic Left had known for many years: that the intelligence agencies in this country were engaged in systematic programs, which frequently resorted to illegal tactics, to disrupt any group that the right-wing determined to be “subversive.” These programs included – but were not limited to – the FBI's “COINTELPRO,” the CIA's “CHAOS,” and the Nixon administration's “Huston Program.”
The tactics used by the intelligence community included: surveillance, infiltration, discrediting, and disruption. The stated goals were to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize" (J. Edgar Hoover; 3-4-68) the constitutionally protected efforts of groups and individuals on the Democratic Left. The congressional committees identified specific actions which were used: {1} infiltration, by agents and informers, including “agent provocateurs”; {2} psychological warfare, which included planting false information in the media; setting up “pseudo movement groups”; forging letters; and printing and distributing fake pamphlets and “underground” newspapers; {3} harassment through the legal system; and {4} illegal activities, including break-ins and violence.
For the American middle class, the revelations that that the congressional inquires uncovered were shocking. But for the Democratic Left, it was merely confirmation of the harsh realities that they had encountered during the civil rights and anti-war movements.
During the late 1970s, two things happened: one was that the Democratic Left lost its energy and focus; the other was that the intelligence agencies' programs appeared to have been put under control. It is a matter of opinion, of course, as to which of these dynamics came first – the chicken or the egg, so to speak. The Civil Rights movement had made significant progress in the '60s; the anti-war movement appeared victorious when US forces were removed from Vietnam; and President Nixon had been forced to resign in disgrace. President Ford, who pardoned Nixon, had ex-Beatle George Harrison visit the White House; President Carter, who hosted ex-Beatle John Lennon at the White House, pardoned the draft resistors. Things appeared to be changing.
Richard Cheney, however, noted that these congressional committee investigations were geared in a manner to protect future US presidents from undue restrictions on ways to insure the security of the country. When Ronald Reagan was elected, along with Bush the Elder, similar intelligence programs began to target two groups in America: those advocating a nuclear freeze, and those protesting US foreign policy in Central America. More, when Cheney served for eight years as the most powerful vice president in our nation's history, and instituted the most un-American, money-war-and-weapons scheme in the world's history, it was accompanied by the “Patriot Act.”
The Patriot Act, still in full effect, is nothing more than a high-tech version of COINTELPRO et al. The major “differences,” in terms of the Democratic Left, are that it makes great use of the power of the home computer and internet, rather than account books and printing presses, and it makes use of “private” (or “corporate”) intelligence operations and operatives. Where in the “good old days,” the “enemy” was identified as “communists,” today it is “terrorists.” Yet the targets are still those parts of the Democratic Left that advocate for the end of the foreign wars; for the environment; and other issues in the realm of social justice.
It is essential for people to understand that, while for example, J. Edgar Hoover targeted Martin Luther King, Jr. with a vengeance, the vast majority of the domestic intelligence efforts focused the grass roots level. This is because they recognized then – as they do today – that any real movement that has the potential to institute real change in our system can only come from the grass roots. For every one example of a high profile leader being targeted, there are hundreds of examples of grass roots groups and activists being spied upon, infiltrated, having their operations disrupted, and discredited in the media.
“Divide and conquer” is perhaps the most basic of tactics. Examples of this take place frequently, including on the internet. This does not imply, obviously, that every divisive individual who spreads the seeds of dissent is a highly trained agent. No, some people are simply obnoxious fools. Some others simply channel their internal disturbances. And others might simply be giving voice to a weak link in their own chain, or reacting to provocations, misinformation, or disinformation. It only takes one or two people intent upon disrupting a large group to do so.
I've written, in the past, about some of those people who attempted to disrupt the work of a state-wide Native American group that worked for the Iroquois Confederacy since the early 1970s. I remember one who was a detective with the state police. A couple others were employed by private organizations that were invested in denying Native Americans their rights as defined by the Constitution and federal law. Two others were sent by sources that we never were able to identify; I do remember how hostile they became when, upon Chief Waterman's instructions, I let them know that we were fully aware of their agenda, including their tactics.
Recently, I've posted essays about my efforts with environmental advocates in the anti-fracking movement, and also about the need for the Democratic Left to focus more energy on building a movement from the grass roots up. I've had a bit less time to read through various internet discussion sites, on the topics of economic, legal, political, and social justice However, when I've had the necessary time, I've been reminded of the lessons that I've discussed here, today. I hope that, for anyone who has taken the time to read this essay, that it has been worthwhile, and perhaps thought-provoking.
Peace,
H2O Man