The Gas Model

[HysteryDiagnosis]

http://www.thesurfaceofthesun.com/model.htm



Only in the last 10 years (a virtual blink of an eye in scientific terms) have we had access to information and technology that could verify or refute various models of the sun. The information that Rhessi, SOHO and Trace and Yohkoh offer us today however sticks out like a gigantic sore thumb in the gas model theory, and provides very compelling evidence to suggest that Galileo was quite wrong in his assumption that no solids existed under the photosphere. Modern satellite images lend strong support to Dr. Birkeland's electrically conductive, solid surface model of the sun. In fact, many of the image that Birkeland produced in his lab in the 20th century have 21st century satellite image counterparts.

The uniform movement of this iron layer of the sun suggests that we must boldly rethink our views about the sun, and the universe we live in and come up with new models that explain the observations that new technology from the SOHO, Rhessi, Geos, Yohkoh and TRACE satellites lay before us.

The Surface Of The Sun

Based on running difference imaging techniques, SOHO has demonstrated that the the sun has a solid, electrically conductive, ferrite surface, just below the observable photosphere which rotates uniformly every 27.3 days. The uniformity of this movement is unlike anything we find in the photosphere. It's rigid. It moves UNIFORMLY from equator to pole. It is being dynamically reshaped and eroded by continual electrical arcing between magnetically polarized points along the surface. These arcs emit light consistent with a number of iron ferrite ions, suggesting this surface is composed of ferrite based materials.

This electrical erosion process continually eats away at the surface like an arc welder melts the ends of a welding rod and the surface where the arc touches. Eventually the surface is melted away, sometimes along very long "fault lines" ultimately resulting in cracks along the surface and "sunquakes". Sometimes these resulting sunquakes release massive solar tsunamis that are visible across the sun's photosphere and result in enormous coronal ejections and massive prominence eruptions such as this one on June 28th 1945.

[Motown_Johnny]

1. very cool

nothing like one undeniable fact to destroy a beautiful theory

^snip^

"The uniformity of this movement is unlike anything we find in the photosphere. It's rigid. It moves UNIFORMLY from equator to pole"

[HysteryDiagnosis]

2. Now you did it, put on the woo hat and stand in the corner. n/t

[RC]

3. And if this is so rigid, how does the Sun keep from exploding from the pressure within?

How can the surface be as we see it if the Sun has a solid surface?

Eh, don't think so.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

4. Why it's a gravitational thing don't you know. n/t

[quaker bill]

5. Nuke Chemists

tend to think of Iron (the element) as the end stage of the fusion reaction, present just before the star collapses. If true then our time on this rock might be far shorter than we think.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

9. Not at all, we have all the time in the universe, it's mostly a magnetic thing.

Magnetic focusing and mirroring

Theoretical models predict that collapsing cloud cores must overcome the support provided by their magnetic field in order to form stars. In the process, the competition between gravity pulling inward and magnetic pressure pushing outward is expected to produce a warped, hourglass pattern of the magnetic field. Recently, this scenario has received support from observations. Maps of polarized dust emission have revealed that the magnetic field in molecular clouds is rather uniform, except near cores where the field becomes strongly pinched and almost radial (see, e.g., Tang et al. 2009).

On the other hand high-resolution interferometric observations of submillimeter polarized emission in the low-mass core NGC 1333 IRAS4A by Girart et al. (2006) show a magnetic field geometry consistent with the predictions of theoretical models for the formation of solar-type stars, in which ordered large-scale magnetic fields control the evolution and collapse of molecular cloud cores (see a comparison of observations with theoretical collapse models in Goncalves et al. 2008). We therefore adopt the hourglass geometry as the basis of our analysis of CR penetration into a cloud core (see Sect. 3).

The effects of magnetic mirroring and focusing in a hour- glass geometry can be simply described following e.g. Desch et al. (2004). A charged particle traveling in a magnetized medium conserves its kinetic energy γmc2 and its magnetic moment μ = γmv2 sin2 α/2B. It follows that CRs propagating from the ICM to the cloud’s interior must increase v⊥ to conserve μ and decrease v to conserve |v|2 . Thus, the pitch angle of the particle must increase from the value αICM to a value α as

sin2 α B
≡ χ,
=
2 BICM sin αICM

where χ > 1. Therefore, a CR starting in the ICM with a pitch angle sin αICM > 1/χ1/2 cannot penetrate a region with magnetic field B > χBICM , and will be bounced out (magnetic mirroring).

[hobbit709]

6. "Ferrite" What a crock.

http://www.bautforum.com/

[HysteryDiagnosis]

7. Iffin you ain't informed then you won't be able to play.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/01/photogalleries/100105-week-in-space-pictures-76/



January 4, 2010--Swirls of red and green represent highly charged iron streaming from the sun's upper atmosphere, captured by a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center astronomer during a total solar eclipse in 2008.

Ground-based eclipse pictures from 2006, 2008, and 2009 are offering some of the first images of iron-ion emissions from the solar corona. The images show that these emissions extend outward at distances equal to one and a half times the sun's width. Pictures taken during solar eclipses can help scientists understand the solar corona, which affects potentially dangerous space weather.

January 6, 2010

[hobbit709]

8. to go from ions to iron shell is big leap.

There IS iron in the sun, but nowhere near the quantities you suggest. Anyone with at least an inkling of the physics involved in stellar nuclear reactions will tell you that is woo.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

10. So is believing that magnetism has much to do with stellar evolution, then there

is this:

Magnetic focusing and mirroring

Theoretical models predict that collapsing cloud cores must overcome the support provided by their magnetic field in order to form stars. In the process, the competition between gravity pulling inward and magnetic pressure pushing outward is expected to produce a warped, hourglass pattern of the magnetic field. Recently, this scenario has received support from observations. Maps of polarized dust emission have revealed that the magnetic field in molecular clouds is rather uniform, except near cores where the field becomes strongly pinched and almost radial (see, e.g., Tang et al. 2009).

On the other hand high-resolution interferometric observations of submillimeter polarized emission in the low-mass core NGC 1333 IRAS4A by Girart et al. (2006) show a magnetic field geometry consistent with the predictions of theoretical models for the formation of solar-type stars, in which ordered large-scale magnetic fields control the evolution and collapse of molecular cloud cores (see a comparison of observations with theoretical collapse models in Goncalves et al. 2008). We therefore adopt the hourglass geometry as the basis of our analysis of CR penetration into a cloud core (see Sect. 3).

The effects of magnetic mirroring and focusing in a hour- glass geometry can be simply described following e.g. Desch et al. (2004). A charged particle traveling in a magnetized medium conserves its kinetic energy γmc2 and its magnetic moment μ = γmv2 sin2 α/2B. It follows that CRs propagating from the ICM to the cloud’s interior must increase v⊥ to conserve μ and decrease v to conserve |v|2 . Thus, the pitch angle of the particle must increase from the value αICM to a value α as

sin2 α B
≡ χ,
=
2 BICM sin αICM

where χ > 1. Therefore, a CR starting in the ICM with a pitch angle sin αICM > 1/χ1/2 cannot penetrate a region with magnetic field B > χBICM , and will be bounced out (magnetic mirroring).

[hobbit709]

11. Every thing you post on the universe is woo.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

13. I'll give you a C minus on reading comprehension. n/t

[hobbit709]

14. And you get a D- for belief in woo.

[Fumesucker]

12. Has helioseismology given any hint of this?

It seems to me that a solid shell nearly at the surface of the sun would be a very easy thing to detect via sound waves.

http://soi.stanford.edu/results/heliowhat.html

The science studying wave oscillations in the Sun is called helioseismology. One can view the physical processes involved, in the same way that seismologists learn about the Earth's interior by monitoring waves caused by earthquakes. Temperature, composition, and motions deep in the Sun influence the oscillation periods and yield insights into conditions in the solar interior.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroseismology