From NBC:
From BBC:
New York Times:
Midazolam: Midazolam is used to produce sleepiness or drowsiness and to relieve anxiety before surgery or certain procedures. Midazolam is also given to produce amnesia (loss of memory) so that the patient will not remember any discomfort or undesirable effects that may occur after a surgery or procedure . It is also used to produce loss of consciousness before and during surgery.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600929Diazepam: Diazepam injection is used to relieve symptoms of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. It may also be used to treat certain seizure disorders and help relax muscles or relieve muscle spasm...This medicine may also be used before a surgery or medical procedure to help relieve stress, nervousness, or anxiety and to reduce memory of the procedure.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR602791Lidocaine: Lidocaine belongs to the family of medicines called local anesthetics. When lidocaine is applied to the skin, it produces pain relief by blocking the signals at the nerve endings in the skin. Lidocaine topical systems are used to relieve pain and discomfort associated with herpes zoster virus infection of the skin (shingles).
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR601515 Ephedrine: Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anaesthesia. Ephedrine is similar in structure to the (semi-) synthetic derivatives amphetamine and methamphetamine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedrine