http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2659297Figures 4a and 4b show the relative life expectancy in the US and 'peer countries' (a combination of Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), and the expenditure in US$ per capita (using a purchasing power parity exchange rate).
In 1995, US expenditure was 1.8 times the other countries; life expectancy was 0.97 theirs. In 2004, US expenditure was 1.9 times the others; life expectancy was still 0.97.
Figure 4a shows spending for the United States and a selection of high-income countries: Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Switzerland. In the discussion that follows the average for this group of peer countries is unweighted, so Switzerland counts as much as Germany, but the population-weighted averages (and the data from individual countries) yield a similar pattern. In 1970, the United States spent 40 percent more on health care than the average of the peer countries, and since then the gap has widened, to 90 percent by 2004. In contrast, life expectancy, shown in Figure 4b, has improved at a slower rate in the United States, from 99 percent of the average life-expectancy for the European comparison group in 1970 to 97 percent in 2004. These results are not sensitive to the age at which life expectancy is estimated; for example, the results are similar for people over age 65, a group nearly universally covered by Medicare. Indeed, between 1970 and 2003, every country in the comparison group achieved larger increases in life expectancy at age 65 for both women and men, with the exception of Canada, whose 65 year-old men experienced the same 3.7 year increase in life expectancy as their American counterparts.7
Similar results were found when looking just at mortality deemed “amenable” to medical care, such as bacterial infections, treatable cancers, and certain cardiovascular diseases, as shown near the bottom of Table 1 (Nolte and McKee, 2008). In this area as well, the European countries have experienced larger declines in mortality than the United States. Other countries, then, have shared the enormously valuable improvements in health that Americans have enjoyed in recent decades, and at much lower cost.