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Edited on Sat Sep-27-08 07:44 PM by HamdenRice
The problem is that every financial panic of the past has been different, so it's difficult to use history to sketch out what would happen. But I figured I'd give it a try.
The first part would probably be another big bank failure in the commercial bank sector. So far, the failures have been in the investment banking sector (Lehman, Bear Stearns) and thrift/savings and loan sector (Wamu). A failure in the commercial banking sector would be much scarier.
This would generally scare people into withdrawing money from banks and money market funds. If this is like the late 80s, the first thing you would notice is lines of people in and stretching outside the banks in the downtown section of your city or town.
Many of the most fearful people would be withdrawing money from money market funds. These funds invest in short term corporate debt called commercial paper and have to sell commercial paper in order to pay people who withdraw from the money market accounts.
Because the money market managers would all be dumping commercial paper at once, the price of this paper would go down drastically. Commercial paper earns interest, but not in the usual way. Instead of it being like a note with an interest rate, it is created and sold and pays interest more like a post dated check. A company writes a "check" for $100 payable 30 days from today and sells it for $99. When the holder of the check "cashes" it in 30 days he gets $100, earning 1% interest. Because it pays interest this way, interest can change depending on the price people are willing to pay for the paper. Also most paper is rolled over. When the 30 days are up, the company pays the old paper off by writing a new check to a new investor.
Commercial paper prices would drop -- in effect meaning the interest rate on the paper would rise. As the paper is traded, the paper purchased by the money market fund for $99 would be sold to the next guy for $97 and the next for $90 meaning that the money market managers would be losing money rather than making money, making it harder for them to pay out accounts to the consumers who own the money market accounts. Also the companies that write commercial paper would realize that they could not sell any more of it, and could not roll over outstanding paper. Effective interest rates on paper would be astronomical. Remember that 30 day $100 commercial paper selling for $95 is an effective interest rate of like 60%, so small declines in paper value mean big interest rate moves.
These companies would take drastic measures to cut costs. You would see instant, massive nationwide layoffs. They would stop ordering supplies and inventory which are generally paid for with commercial paper.
Money markets and banks would have to simply stop paying out and shut their doors till things calmed down. The feds might step in and declare a bank holiday for a few days for things to calm down.
Lots of money would flee the US and the US dollar. As the dollar fell, things we buy overseas, particularly oil, would increase in price very rapidly. Remember how much of our current high price of oil actually hit us in several punches after hurricane Katrina? You would see oil at the pump rise from $4 to $5 to $6 and so on, on a weekly basis. I have no idea where it would stabilize.
These energy prices would be reflected in the prices of stuff that you buy that is moved with gasoline, such as food.
If you are old enough to remember the inflation of the 1970s, one of the things that cushioned it was the very strong position of labor unions. For each price rise, the labor unions demanded wage rises, and these rises were often already embedded in labor contracts. Economists called this the "wage price spiral." That kind of inflation was harder to stop (it was on auto pilot) but it was not as hard on working people. It mostly hurt investors.
There will be no "wage price spiral" this time because the labor force is in a very weak bargaining position compared to the 70s. There are few unions and virtually no cost of living increases in the labor market. Rising prices would directly affect family budgets. Pretty soon many, many families would not be able to afford food, gas, heating oil, rent/mortgage payments etc., and there would be a rise of homelessness that will be shocking in its swiftness.
You think this stuff can't happen, but Argentina was for decades one of the most middle class countries in Latin America, but after its currency crisis had Brazilian/African style shanty towns within months.
It could happen here, and indeed it did in the 30s.
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