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Do you know a single one of these that isn't a scam?
As far as I know, there are two different types of debt-settlement programs:
1) You meet with them, they figure out how much you can pay, go to your creditors and try to work out a deal. If they manage to get the creditors to reduce your balance (not as easy as before the new bankruptcy law), you pay the agreed-upon monthly figure (including the cut for the debt-settlement company) to the company, which is then supposed to split it up and pass it along to your creditors. A few months later, you get a call from one of your creditors, demanding to know why your repayment is 60-90 days in arrears. You call the debt-settlement company, and find the phone has been disconnected. You realize that, for the past few months, they have just been pocketing your payment and not passing it along. Now they've vanished, undoubtedly to pop up soon under another name in another city, while you're out the payments you sent to them...and have a large outstanding debt to your creditors, plus a "default" status that guarantees you'll be paying 30% interest on everything until you get them all paid down.
2) You meet with them, they figure out how much you can pay, but they don't go to your creditors, just tell you to cancel all your cards and change your "billing address" to the debt-settlement company's address, then start paying the debt-settlement company and stop paying your creditors. Theoretically, they will deal with the collection attempts from your creditors while you build up your account balance at the debt-settlement company for a few years. Then, they'll go to your creditors and say "this is all you're going to get, so you might as well take it or leave it." If you're lucky, your creditors will take it, and even agree to the debt-settlement company's "request" to mark your account as "paid in full" and restore your credit rating to a pristine state. (If you believe that's going to happen, I've got a Bridge To Nowhere you might be interested in. Cheap.) Of course, if you're lucky, your creditors will have been stupid enough to simply restrict their collection attempts to the "new address" you gave them, and not look you up at your previous address, or find some other way of tracking you down. If you're not lucky, you'll have to spend years of enduring harassment from collection agencies while waiting for your balance to build up at the debt-settlement company so that they can finally contact your creditors with their "offer they can't refuse" (all the while hoping that they don't "take the money and run," as in example 1 above). Of course, this also assumes that you don't own enough to make it worthwhile for the creditors to simply sue you for repayment -- if you have a house or other real property, it will be far more likely for your creditors to simply decide to take you to court and get full repayment now (at the cost of you losing your house or whatever) rather than wait several years to get only half of that.
Pay attention to the ads for these companies. If there's a line about "not available in all states," or one that specifically mentions this service not being available in Arkansas, it's type number 2 -- because action by the state Attorney General there resulted in a settlement wherein the major debt-settlement companies agreed to stop doing business in that state.
And one other thing to keep in mind -- under current I.R.S. rules, forgiven debt counts as taxable income. So if, say, you find yourself $25,000 in debt, and you actually luck out and find a reliable and honest debt-settlement company that really goes to your creditors and gets them to agree up-front to cut your debt in half (like all the ads say)...you are suddenly going to find that the "forgiven" $12,500 counts as income, and you're going to have to come up with the taxes on that (several thousand dollars, depending on your tax bracket), in full, by next April 15th.
DISCLAIMER: Debt-settlement companies are not the same as "credit counseling agencies." The latter are sometimes for-profit, sometimes non-profit (and oftentimes funded by the credit-card companies themselves), and can sometimes evaluate your income and expenses, figure out how much you can reasonably pay to your creditors (since they are often funded by those creditors, look for them to reduce your expenses to the bone, and figure the highest-possible "minimum" amount for repayment), then go to your creditors and try to work out a "reasonable" repayment plan for you, which they will monitor. However, while these companies may be able to reduce your payments to the aforementioned minimum by getting your creditors to reduce your interest rate (after closing your accounts) or stretching out the length of the repayment process, I've never heard of any of them managing to get creditors to actually write-off any of the balance due itself. And it's not uncommmon for such counseling agencies, after looking over your finances, to simply tell you they can't help you, and that your only reasonable option is to file for bankruptcy.
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