Background:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_UnionPayChina UnionPay (simplified Chinese: 中国银联), also known as UnionPay (Chinese: 银联) or by its abbreviation, CUP, is the only credit card organization in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in March 2002, China UnionPay is an association for China's banking card industry, operating under the approval of the PBOC. It is also the only interbank network in China excluding Hong Kong and Macau, linking the ATMs of some fourteen major banks and many more smaller banks throughout mainland China. It is also an EFTPOS network.
United States - Citibank accepts UnionPay cards at ATMs for USD withdrawal. In May 2005 Discover Network announced an alliance with China UnionPay Network. The two companies have signed a long-term agreement that allows acceptance of Discover Network brand cards at UnionPay ATMs and point-of-sale terminals in China and acceptance of China UnionPay cards on the PULSE network in the U.S.<5> As of November 1, 2007, China UnionPay cards may be accepted where Discover Network Cards are accepted in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.<6>
http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english//detail.asp?col=6500&ID=163Chief Disciplinary Officer Wang Hongzhang's Speech at the National Teleconference on Corporate Card Reform - 01-30-2008
The purpose of promoting the use of corporate cards is to achieve universal use of non-cash payment instruments by budget units at various levels in small-value corporate purchase, reducing the use of cash; to enable the fiscal authority to achieve whole-process monitoring over small-value corporate payment; and to strengthen the management of fiscal expenditure. As such, it is of great significance to promote corporate cards.
The corporate card system will help to deepen the centralized treasury payment reform and regulate the management of treasury fund. The system is an institutional innovation following the initiatives of department budget, centralized state treasury revenue and expenditure, government procurement, separation of revenue and expenditure, categorization of government revenue and expenditure, representing a further deepening of the centralized state treasury revenue and expenditure reform. It is of great significance for safeguarding the safety of budget fund, improving budget implementation and preventing corruption to establish an interactive mechanism between fiscal authority and financial authority, expand the coverage of centralized state treasury payment information system, introduce monitoring over the range of use and transfer routes of cash once cash is withdrawn, achieve dynamic monitoring over treasury fund, as this helps to strengthen supervision and management of compliance and authenticity, promote transparency of business-related expenditure, avoid the occurrence of stealing cash through drawing up false invoices, "private coffers" and other illegal conducts.
Because cash-based transactions leave no traces to track, pervasive use of cash is not conducive to regulating the economic and financial order, strengthening tax collection or curbing corruption. In addition, unlimited use of cash precipitates abnormal growth in cash supply, increasing the workload of printing, minting, allocating and counting cash as well as destroying impaired cash. At the same time, cash transactions cannot separate logistics from cash stream, hence reducing the efficiency of turnover of commodities and economic performance.
Compare with:
http://www.kansascityfed.org/econres/PSR/psrconferences/2005/Constantine.pdfLloyd Constantine, Esq. (former Sr. Advisor to ex-Senator Eliot Spitzer(DEM-NY)
"Illustrating one of Visa’s arguments in defense of the tying arrangement, Popofsky told the court that Visa now functions like the Federal Reserve. Congress gave that job to the real
Federal Reserve. The time has come for the Fed to reassert its stewardship over the U.S. payments system."