http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/diseases/ecoli/facts.shtmlWhat is Escherichia coli O157:H7?
Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 is a cause of diarrhea (frequent and watery bowel movements). E. coli O157:H7 is one of many of kinds of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although most types of E. coli are harmless and live in the intestines (guts) of healthy humans and animals, the O157:H7 type produces a powerful toxin that can cause severe illness.
E. coli O157:H7 was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982, during an outbreak of bloody diarrhea; that outbreak was traced to undercooked hamburgers.
How common are E. coli O157:H7 infections?
No one knows with any certainty. By one estimate,10,000 to 20,000 infections occur in the United States each year.What are the symptoms of E. coli infection?
Infections can be very mild (even asymptomatic) or very severe, even fatal. E. coli O157:H7 typically causes diarrhea, often bloody, and often with vomiting or severe stomach cramps. Fever is usually very mild or nonexistent. Illness typically lasts two to ten days.
What are the complications of E. coli infection?
In some persons, mostly young children, the infection can also cause hemolytic uremic syndrome, a kind of kidney failure. About 2% to 7% of reported infections lead to this problem. In the United States, hemolytic uremic syndrome is the principle cause of acute kidney failure in children, and most cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome are caused by E. coli O157:H7.
How is an E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?
E. coli O157:H7 infection is diagnosed by stool culture (testing the bowel movement).
How is the illness treated?
Unfortunately, there is no one treatment that has been found to be effective against E. coli O157:H7, and it is possible that some antibiotics may increase the risk of problems. Anti-diarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium®), should also be avoided. Some patients become dehydrated and may need IV fluids.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. Even with intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3% to 5%. Some survivors may have permanent kidney and other problems.
How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?
E. coli O157:H7 is spread by eating undercooked meat (usually hamburger), drinking unpasteurized (raw) milk or juice, by swallowing polluted water (drinking water, pool water, rivers, lakes), or by eating hard-to-clean raw vegetables (like sprouts or lettuce) contaminated with the bacteria. It can also be spread from an infected person to another when hand washing is let.
The bacteria are common in herds of healthy cattle and have been found in deer, sheep, goats, and other animals. Meat or milk infected with animal waste can lead to disease, unless the bacteria are killed by cooking. Meat can become contaminated while being butchered. The bacteria may also be passed from the animal's waste to a nearby water source.