http://www.makingsteel.com/pocket.htmlIn other words, Ross did not restructure Beth Steel or the other companies by investing in new technology or seeking out new markets. Rather, he kept the mills running, gaining the workers’ goodwill and maintaining customer relationships, and then diverted the cash flow from the working class to the investment class. Here’s how you do it in five easy steps:
Step 1: Offer to buy the physical assets of a bankrupt company at a fraction of its book value;
Step 2: Arrange to be released from paying “lifetime” employee benefits that the bankrupt company had promised (if you have enough chutzpah, and Ross did, express anger that the prior employer did not continue to pay retiree benefits without mentioning that your stingy bankruptcy offer was a major reason why);
Step 3: Form a private company to collect the assets and issue stock to yourself and your partners at a big markdown;
Step 4: Tout your company as a comeback story and sell the stock publicly at a big markup. (This process is generally known as “unlocking the value of assets.”)
Step 5: Stand ready to hand off the company (nominally public, but totally under your thumb) to the highest bidder, saying that your “restructuring” is now complete.
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International Coal Group (ICG) is a knock-off of ISG, formed by Ross & Co. to buy bankrupt assets of coal companies. His biggest catch so far is Horizon Natural Resources, which operates surface and underground mines in Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois.
As he did with Beth and other steel companies, Ross first legally discarded the “baggage” that weighed down the assets.
Before he bought Horizon in partnership with A.T. Massey Coal Co., the bankruptcy courtroom of Judge William Howard obligingly eliminated the health-care benefits for 3,800 retired Horizon miners and their widows. (The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. had already assumed responsibility for Horizon’s underfunded pensions.) Ross also purchased Anker Coal and CoalQuest Development, which own extensive reserves in the Lower Kittanning seam of coal near Grafton, W.Va. (once a major source of metallurgical coal for Sparrows Point). Hoping to repeat his success in steel, Ross has filed his intention to float a $250 million coal IPO through UBS Securities and Lehman Brothers. With energy prices rising, Ross has been angling for a position in UK Coal, Europe’s biggest coal mining outfit, with 12 deep and surface mines in central and northern England.