SIXTY years ago.
At the end of World War II, our government agencies (OSS which segued into the CIA, with compliance from military intelligence and the FBI) brought quite a few Nazi's into this country for various reasons. Many of the Nazi's were used to help in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and China.
Most famously, there was Wernher von Braun (1912-1977) who had the foresight to make plans to be on the winning side when it became obvious that Germany would not win the war. (He was just one of many, but perhaps the most famous one.)
As a means of furthering his desire to build large and capable rockets, in 1932 he went to work for the German army to develop ballistic missiles.(snip)
Von Braun is well known as the leader of what has been called the "rocket team," which developed the V-2 ballistic missile for the Nazis during World War II. The V-2s were manufactured at a forced labor factory called Mittelwerk. Scholars are still reassessing his role in these controversial activities.
The brainchild of von Braun's rocket team operating at a secret laboratory at Peenemünde on the Baltic coast, the V-2 rocket was the immediate antecedent of those used in space exploration programs in the United States and the Soviet Union. A liquid propellant missile extending some 46 feet in length and weighing 27,000 pounds, the V-2 flew at speeds in excess of 3,500 miles per hour and delivered a 2,200 pound warhead to a target 500 miles away. First flown in October 1942, it was employed against targets in Europe beginning in September 1944. By the beginning of 1945, it was obvious to von Braun that Germany would not achieve victory against the Allies, and he began planning for the postwar era. (snip)
For fifteen years after World War II, von Braun would work with the United States army in the development of ballistic missiles. As part of a military operation called Project Paperclip, he and his "rocket team" were scooped up from defeated Germany and sent to America where they were installed at Fort Bliss, Texas. There they worked on rockets for the United States army, launching them at White Sands Proving Ground, New Mexico. In 1950 von Braun's team moved to the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama, where they built the Army's Jupiter ballistic missile.
In 1960, his rocket development center transferred from the army to the newly established NASA and received a mandate to build the giant Saturn rockets. (snip)
http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/braun.html