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When a pregnancy needs to be terminated, for whatever reason, it's an abortion. That is, it's a man-made intervention in the natural process, for whatever reasons. When the pregnancy does it on its own, it's called a miscarriage.
There are two kinds of procedures that are done in situations like this, and the doctor who said "She didn't do abortions" was fooling herself and misleading you. What she was really saying was that she wouldn't perform an abortion if it were a healthy pregnancy and the patient simply wanted to terminate it. When the pregnancy goes wrong, as yours did, it is imperative to clean out the uterus after the miscarriage, even if there is no discernible debris remaining, simply to strip the uterine walls and let the uterus begin to prepare itself for the next menstrual cycle.
That process, when done where no pregnancy is involved - say, heavy bleeding or early signs of endometriosis - is called a D&C, or Dilation and Curretage.
When the same process is done, the scraping out and emptying of the uterine lining, when a pregnancy was involved, is called a D&E - Dilation and Evacuation.
I hope this clears up your very sensible questions.
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