The Canadian Health Insurance plan essentially consists of a set of rules where the federal government will provide a subsidy to the provincial governments, similar to the US states, if they follow certain rules or guidelines.
http://www.canadian-healthcare.org/page2.htmlIf one is in the military I believe that they are covered directly by the feds. If one is involved in a workplace injury then they would come under the employers worker's compensation, which is a provincial non profit employers plan.
There are all kinds of situations. The end result is if someone needs medical care they get it and the different parties can argue about the details, like money. The individual does not pay.
Some provinces require a monthly insurance premium and some do not. There is no discrimination on past history.
Some provinces insure dental some do not. Some provinces insure eye exams some do not. Most provinces do not have prescriptions included in their plan. These items are for additional insurance policies where they are not covered by the insurance plan. While in a hospital however everything is included.
Another thing that could be offered by a separate insurance policy is a private room in the hospital.
There is too much to explain, and it is not my area of expertise, in a simple reply.
Hope that I have piqued your interest to look at it further.
Just to add: This is a plan for Canadian citizens and landed immigrants. For people who require medical services in Canada that do not fall into these categories then they would most likely have to pay the going rates. This is another area that requires specific knowledge of the particular provincial requirements.