First, some terms. "Raising" means one of two things here: the change of a low vowel to a high vowel (ae > e, for instance). Or "Canadian raising", seen in standard Canadian English and some American dialects.
Canadian raising" makes the "i" vowels in "writer" and "rider" not rhyme (and renders the "you scream, I scream, we all scream for ice cream" couplet pointless).
Two mergers are discussed in the link: pin/pen (which is fairly common in the West, esp. NW) and caught-cot (which is standard most places west of the Mississippi). They are as they sound--speakers don't distinguish /i/ and /e/ before /n/, or merge a and open-o to /a/. (Once had a guy ask me to let me know when "Don" showed up; he was annoyed because "Dawn" showed up and waited for 20 minutes before he checked. He had the merger in his speech; I do not.) Apparently AK misses, or is now acquiring, the cot/caught merger.
The link is:
http://mr-verb.blogspot.com/2008/08/sarah-palins-accent.html?showComment=1220503380000The most useful bit, IMO, is this:
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The dialect which has caused so much fervor here is what might be termed “Mat-Su Valley English”, after the Matnuska and Susitna Valleys where it is spoken. Palmer was a colony settled by immigrants from Minnesota and surrounding regions, and hence they brought their characteristic dialect with them. It has been merged over time with the predominant white dialects to form Mat-Su Valley English which differs only somewhat from generic Alaskan English. Sarah Palin speaks this Mat-Su Valley English, as do some friends of mine who grew up in Palmer and Wasilla, but I have other friends born and raised there that speak Alaskan English instead, so it’s not homogeneous. This again is due to pressure from the English of surrounding areas, particularly Anchorage.
No linguistic work has been done on any of the English dialects in Alaska. I did a fairly extensive literature search last year and came upon only a handful of articles from educators who were concerned with “stamping out” Alaska Native English, and ensuring that children learned to speak English “correctly”. The phonetic descriptions were amateurish, as would be expected from nonspecialists. There has been some okay lexical documentation of Alaskan English varieties, but nothing professional.
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There are posters that say otherwise, but this sounds reasonable, not making bad generalizations. The moderater does a good job sifting through the chaff.
One point to notice is that people often say, "It sounds like she's from X", and people from X say, "No, she doesn't" or "she sounds like somebody pretending to be from X". Natives pick up on details outsiders miss.
Interesting idea, though, to go and survey the state to check up on nascent dialects--it would make for good follow-up studies in a generation, esp. looking at contact phenomena with Native and foreign languages. (Check out Copper Island Aleut for some good linguistic fun.)