For sadistic serial killers, however, the presence of empathy—even
intensely heightened empathy—may be essential in two ways. First, their
crimes require highly tuned powers of cognitive empathy in order to trap their
victims (Gabbard, 2003). Indeed, killers who do not understand their victims’
feelings would be incapable of “conning” them effectively. For example,
Theodore Bundy understood all too well the sensibilities of the female college
students who were taken in by his feigned helplessness. He trapped attractive
young women by appearing to be disabled and asking them for help. Many
complied and died for their troubles.
Second, a well-honed sense of emotional empathy is essential for a sadis-
tic killer’s enjoyment of the suffering of his victims. That is, for sadistic objec-
tives to be realized, a killer who tortures, sodomizes, rapes, and humiliates
must be able both to understand and to feel his victims’ suffering in order to
enjoy it. Without the capacity for empathy, there would be no excitement or
sexual arousal. Thus, he experiences his victims’ pain, but he feels it as his
own pleasure.
In the literature of psychiatry as well as that of criminology, lack of
empathy—along with a manipulative and calculating style, an absence of
Lack of remorse, and impulsiveness—is frequently regarded as a defining characteristic of the psychopathic or antisocial personality disorder (Hare, 1993). An earlier study by Heilbrun (1982), however, came to quite a different conclusion. In interviews with 168 male prisoners in the Georgia correctional system, he observed two kinds of psychopaths—those who had poor impulse control, low IQ, and little empathy (the Henry Lee Lucas type) and those who had better impulse control, high IQ, sadistic objectives, and heightened empathy (theTheodore Bundy type). In fact, the most empathic group of criminals in Heilbrun’s study were intelligent psychopaths with a history of violence.
He found the greatest empathy in high IQ prisoners who had committed rape—the violent crime in which sexual sadism seems most likely to play a systematic role. According to Heilbrun, violent acts inflicting pain and suffering are more intentional than impulsive. In addition, empathic skills promote the arousal and satisfaction of sadistic objectives by enhancing the criminal’s awareness of the pain being experienced by his victim. Heilbrun’s finding of empathic sadistic psychopaths was all but ignored in the literature until very recently, when forensic psychiatrists began to question the commonly held view that antisocial types necessarily lack the ability to feel their victims’pain, noting that in many cases they instead possess “enormous powers of empathic discernment—albeit for the purposes of self-aggrandizement” (Heilbrun, 1982, p. 557).
In the 1930s, social philosopher George Herbert Mead (1934) identified
“role taking” as a basic human quality, whereby an individual is able to adopt the viewpoint of another person. Many serial killers apparently share this ability, even if they use it to enhance the pleasure they derive from inflicting pain and suffering on others. In the research of symbolic interactionists, role-taking ability has been shown to take the form not of a dichotomy (able versus notable), but of a continuum along which any given individual’s degree of empathy can be plotted. Thus, there are some individuals whose empathy is so profound and broad that they commiserate with the plight of starving children on the other side of the world. Many individuals are closer to the middle of the continuum, identifying with the grief of victims in proximity to them but emotionally oblivious to the pain and suffering of most strangers, especially those who are physically removed.
At the other end of the continuum, however, there may also be **millions of Americans, according to the American Psychiatric Association, who are antisocial personality types and completely lacking in empathy.** They may not be serial killers, because they are not sadistic in their aims, but they are nonetheless insensitive to human tragedy...
There's the RIGHT WING for ya!.
Maybe this is how Bush can charm the public and appear to be a teflon prezeldent? He empathizes...but it's in service to his own self aggrandizing.
http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:yNPjVemD-KkJ:www.sagepub.com/Fox%2520Final%2520Pages-4%2520Chapter%25205_5397.pdf+sociopathy+individualism&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=21