JULY 23, 2009
Job Cuts Outpace Economic Decline
By JON HILSENRATH and DEBORAH SOLOMON
WSJ
WASHINGTON -- The job market is doing even worse than the overall economy, prompting concern inside and outside the government that deeper-than-expected joblessness could persist once the recession ends. Breaking from historical patterns, the unemployment rate -- currently at 9.5% -- is 1 to 1.5 percentage points higher than would be expected under one economic rule of thumb, says Lawrence Summers, President Barack Obama's top economic adviser. Since the recession began in December 2007, the economy has lost 6.5 million jobs, 4.7% of total employment. The unemployment rate has jumped five percentage points, while the economy has contracted by roughly 2.5%.
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Though today's disparity between growth and jobs is especially stark, a jobless recovery wouldn't be new: The last two recessions were marked by firms reluctant to resume hiring right away after demand recovered. The current disconnect between growth and employment could reflect an unanticipated surge in productivity -- companies finding ways to increase output with fewer workers. That could set up the economy to grow rapidly in future years. Rising productivity is the linchpin of economic growth and rising living standards. But there are darker scenarios. Struggling workers, whose wages also are being squeezed, could drag a fragile economy back into deep recession.
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The latest data imply productivity is pushing higher. Macroeconomic Advisers, a St. Louis forecaster, estimates productivity grew at a rapid 5% annual rate in the second quarter. While painful for workers who lose jobs, advances in productivity could help get the economy on steadier footing. When productivity rose in the 1990s -- thanks partly to technological advances -- the economy boomed, lifting wages... Some companies are reaping gains as they clamp down on labor costs. While corporate profits are down from a year ago, many of the biggest companies reporting income figures for the second quarter are ahead of expectations because they've cut costs so aggressively.
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For now, administration officials are taking a wait-and-see approach, and insist they have no plans to push new measures to counteract job losses. Officials say the $787 billion economic-stimulus package will have a bigger impact over the next six months.. The disparity between the job market and economic growth has other important implications. For Fed officials, it implies that there will be little upward pressure on prices and wages -- in other words, little inflationary pressure -- giving officials reason to hold off on raising interest rates any time soon.
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The Fed's semiannual report to Congress this week pointed to another possible explanation for the rising unemployment rate. In past recessions, discouraged workers stopped looking for jobs or went back to school (which means they didn't count as unemployed). By contrast, in the past few months, workers have been flocking back to the labor force in search of jobs -- pushes up the jobless rate. This could reflect the availability of unemployment benefits that keep people in the work force, or a reluctance to retire after a hit to retirement savings, or other phenomena.
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