Rhode Island was the first colony to guarantee religious freedom. In many colonies only those of a particular faith and race (white male of course) were allowed to hold office.
http://www.sec.state.ri.us/rihist/earlyh.htmRhode Island's first permanent settlement (Providence Plantations) was established at Providence in 1636 by English clergyman Roger Williams and a small band of followers who had left the repressive atmosphere of the Massachusetts Bay Colony to seek freedom of worship. Canonicus and Miantonomi granted Williams a sizable tract of land for his new village. Other nonconformists followed Williams to the bay region, including Anne and William Hutchinson and William Coddington, all of whom founded Portsmouth in 1638 as a haven for Antinomians, a religious sect whose beliefs resembled those a Quakerism. A short-lived dispute sent Coddington to the southern tip of Aquidneck Island (also purchased from the Narragansetts), where he established Newport in 1639. Samuel Gorton, another dissident from Portsmouth, settled the fourth original town, Warwick, in 1642. During this initial decade, two other outposts were established: Wickford (1637), by Richard Smith, and Pawtuxet (1638), by William Harris and the Arnold family.
The religious freedom that prevailed in early Rhode Island made it a refuge for several persecuted sect. America's first Baptist church was formed in Providence in 1639; Quakers, who merged with the Antinomians, established a meetinghouse on Aquidneck in 1657 and soon became a powerful force in the colony's political and economic life; a Jewish congregation came to Newport in 1658; and French Huguenots (Calvinists) settled in East Greenwich in 1686.