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a fear of the future, in which the bits of status they have via the American social order (by being white, male or male-obedient, landholding, 'Christian', obedient to the regional/local white ruling class) over people who are non-white and not obedient and not 'Christian are eroding if not already gone. It's about defense of a caste system that the Modern world is disintegrating.
Intelligent Design is about getting their kids through adolescent rebellion and questioning without losing their indoctrination. It's not a serious attempt at explanation of the world, it's a shield in the battle for entitlement to force their kids to be just like themselves.
Their problem with gay marriage is a bit complicated, but it's essentially two things. Mostly it's an attempt to keep a belief in demons and demonic possession alive now that Science has adequately explained the causes of mental illness and behavior under trauma. But it's also an effort to deny/resist the serious definition of marriage in the Bible, as spiritually the extension of the Covenant agreement between two people- which is theologically fatal to their theory of patriarchy.
You're right that it's about power...but every political fight is. Behind the need for power lies what the power is needed to protect as Good, though. And what is Good in their minds is a hierarchy according to biology, according to material attributes, and a minimizing of commonality. It's religious materialism with magic explaining all that materialism doesn't. In a world where almost everyone was poor and what they thought was relatively unimportant, since material subsistence and survival were taking up all of their attention and time and energy, this was a sadly adequate formulation of religion.
What this system of belief and behaviors doesn't do is take people seriously as psychological entities or develop them to psychological maturity. If you look at your local megachurch these days, it's a mini-college of psychotherapeutic group sessions. (Some of them helpful to the attendees, others pure expressions of trauma and utter pathology.)
As they become more psychologically matured and nimble and adaptable and informed, better able to cope with a world in which sheer subsistence and physical survival doesn't define the terms of life and (non)thought, the Christian Right is lowering its resistance to this Modern condition in which being psychologically healthy and adaptable is at a premium.
It's really all just elementary school, this national politics. It's the slower and traumatized kids getting desperate and holding up the class, i.e. all of society, disrupting until they've caught up to the smarter ones, then admitting they were vicious and mean and lied and hostile out of a fear of being hopelessly left behind.
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