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I'm sorry to hear about the woman that you knew. Would you mind either PMing or posting more details, so I can look into that particular instance? There are several groups that would be very interested in a substantiated claim of Satanic Ritual Abuse. Now then, here's my argument: The book cites, in the part that is available to me, the McMartin case - a case which demonstrates how SRA is generally an illusion caused by mass hysteria - as a VALID example of real abuse. If the rest of the book has credibility equal to the introduction, it has no credibility at all. I've also included psychological research on implanted memories, and some stories of victims of these implanted memories. I know it's a lot of reading, but it's well worth it. --------------------------------------------------------------- From the introduction to the book: In a May 25, 1990 interview with Executive Intelligence Review, Gunderson said, "In the McMartin case, for example, before any criminal charges were filed against anyone, 460 complaints were filed with the Manhattan Beach police. Are we to believe that 460 families fed their children the same story of ritualistic sexual abuse, animal sacrifices, etc.?"From http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_mcmar.htmThe McMartin preschool was located in Manhattan Beach, CA. It was owned by Peggy McMartin Buckey and her mother, Virginia McMartin. Ms. Buckey's son, Ray, was a part-time school-aide at the school. On 1983-AUG-12, Judy Johnson complained to the police that her son had been molested by Ray at the school. Ms. Johnson was an alcoholic and had been diagnosed as having paranoid schizophrenia. She also claimed that her son had been molested and abused by her estranged husband. The latter claim appears to have been largely ignored by the prosecution; information about it was withheld from the defense attorneys. Although there was no physical evidence or confirmation from other children at the school, Ray was arrested on SEP-7. Because of lack of evidence, the DA decided to not prosecute.
The Chief of the Manhattan Beach Police then created a local panic by circulating a "strictly confidential" letter to about 200 parents of present or past McMartin students. The letter specified that Ray may have forced the children to engage in oral sex, fondling of genitals, buttocks or chest area and sodomy". The parents were urged to question their children, seeking confirmation. The community and surrounding area was panicked by an irresponsible media. A local TV station was first with the news; they reported that the preschool might be linked to child pornography rings and various sex industries in nearby Los Angeles.
In 2002-MAY, the Morning Call newspaper of Allentown, PA interviewed Paul Eberle. He is co-author of "The Abuse of Innocence," a book about the McMartin case. He said: "Almost all of the accusing families were practicing Catholics who attended the American Martyrs Church...What the Catholic Church did was to open its doors to all these witch-hunters." Eberle said rallies linked to the church demanded that "Ray must die!" He continued: "The Church was marching with the accusers, and anybody with an ounce of brains knew these people were innocent. The church was very accommodating with the lynch mob." 4
Hundreds of children were later interviewed by the Children's Institute International (CII). By Spring of 1984, 360 kids had been diagnosed as having been abused. Medical exams were conducted on 150 children. There was a complete lack of the type of physical evidence that is normally seen with sexually abused children. However, the doctor performed some new tests which have since been shown to be useless as a predictor of abuse. The doctor concluded that about 120 had been sexually abused. The whole town, particularly the parents of the allegedly abused children, went ballistic. Stories of child abuse included other locations: St. Cross Episcopal Church in Hermosa Beach, CA and 8 other Manhattan Beach schools. Teachers at the schools were said to belong to a Satanic cult and a child pornography ring. About 100 teachers "were accused of child molestation and/or Satanic rituals." 5 Children were pressured by parents; CII interviewers used leading, suggestive, and repeated questions. These are the precise techniques that almost guarantee the implantation of false memories in the minds of children.
The interviewers gave rewards to the kids for disclosing the "right" answers: These were that the children:
* were victimized by teachers who were members of an intergenerational Satanic conspiracy.
* were required to participate in "major, major sacrifices" connected with the "Satanic Church." 1
* were sexually abused by Ray Buckey who was dressed as a police officer, fireman, clown or Santa Claus.
* were forced to act in pornographic movies, and submit to the taking of millions of "kiddy-porn" photographs.
* saw the mutilation and killing of animals.
* saw an AWOL Marine sodomize a dog.
* Were forced to ride naked on a horse.
* were forced to engage in Satanic rituals, including ritual murder of infants and drinking of baby's blood.
* saw dead and burned babies, flying witches, movie stars and local politicians.
* were forced into a coffin and buried.
* were molested in a market and a car wash.
* were forced to watch while Ray Buckey killed a sea turtle by stabbing its shell with a knife; this was a demonstration of what would happen to the children if they told. (in reality, turtle shells are much too tough to be penetrated with a knife)
* were taken to the airport, traveled to Palm Springs either in an airplane or hot air balloon, sexually abused and returned.
* were driven from the school in cars, and sexually abused on the side of the highway.
* were flushed down toilets, traveled through sewers to a place where adults sexually abused them, cleaned them up and later returned them to the pre-school so they could be picked up by their parents.
* were taken through trapdoors in the floor of the center, taken through underground tunnels to both underground and above ground rooms where they were abused. No tunnels were ever found. However, some old trenches which pre-dated the McMartin building and were filled with pre-World War II garbage were located; some claim that they were tunnels that the staff had filled in.
A 1986 survey of residents in Los Angeles County was taken before the first trial. It showed that 90% of the potential jurors believed that Raymond and Peggy were guilty. In spite of strong bias by the townsfolk, the judge refused the defense's request for a change of venue. Judy Johnson continued to make allegations of abuse; among other charges, she said that her ex-husband had sodomized their son and the family dog, that her son had been injured by a elephant and lion during a school field trip, that her son had been tortured by teachers who put staples in his ears, nipples and tongue, and had put scissors in his eye. There was, of course, no physical evidence of any of this trauma. She was later diagnosed as suffering from acute paranoid-schizophrenia, was hospitalized and died at home of alcohol related liver disease before the trial began. Information of her mental illness was kept from the defense.
Armed with search warrants, they police searched 10 schools and one church. They found nothing. Groups of parents searched the school yard for signs of tunnels, underground rooms and sacrificed infants or animals. They did find the remains of a sea turtle. A forensics exam showed that the sand inside the shell was foreign to the area. This indicated that the remains had probably been dug up on a beach and planted in the yard. I don't think you could create a case that was more like the Salem Witch Trials, and the author quotes a man who feels, in contrast to the sane members of the FBI, that the accused "got off." The author describes the evidence against Peggy McMartin Buckey and Raymond buck as "voluminous" - having a great volume, fullness, or size. Perhaps if you include utter bullshit as evidence, but otherwise not. Again, from http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_mcmar.htmIn 1984-MAR, 208 counts of child abuse involving 40 children (some sources say 42) were laid against 7 adults: the owners of the school, Ray Buckey and 4 school teachers. After 20 months of preliminary hearings, the state's case appeared weak. They offered the defendants immunity from prosecution or leniency if they would be willing to testify against the other defendants. None took up the offer. The prosecution produced a pair of rabbit ears, black candles and a black cape during the trial. They presented these items as evidence of Satanic Ritual Abuse. The defense lawyers were able to prove that this material was totally unrelated to the McMartin case.
In 1986-JAN, Ira Reiner was elected district attorney. He dropped all charges against 5 of the adults. Remaining were 52 charges against Ray Buckey and 20 counts against Peggy Buckey, plus a single count of conspiracy.After the trial: In 1991, the accused sued the parent of one student for slander. They won the case, but were only awarded $1.00 in damages.If there was such substantiation for the charges, how did the accused win the lawsuit? I'll note that it's VERY difficult to win slander lawsuits - the burden of proof is on the plaintiff. ---------------------------------------------------------------- From John F. Kihlstrom, "Hypnosis, Memory and Amnesia" - http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0962-8436%2819971129%29352%3A1362%3C1727%3AHMAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2Hypnotic age regression can be subjectively compelling, but does not involve the ablation of adult memory, or the reinstatement of childlike modes of mental functioning, or the revivification of memory. The clinical and forensic use of hypermnesia and age regression to enhance memory in patients, victims and witnesses (e.g. recovered memory therapy for child sexual abuse) should be discouraged.Recovered memory therapy is what was used to obtain the reports of SRA in most of the cases. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Janet Fetkewicz, Verinder Sharma, and Harold Merskey concluded in their paper, "A note on suicidal deterioration with recovered memory treatment", in Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 58, Issue 2, that: The results support a trend in the literature that finds the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder and the use of recovered memory treatment are harmful.Not only does recovered memory therapy hurt the innocents who are attacked as "abusers," it also damages the children that are led to believe that they were horrendously abused. ---------------------------------------------------------------- L. Sher, in her work "Memory creation and the treatment of psychiatric disorders", appearing in Medical Hypotheses, Volume 54, Issue 4, discussing how false memories are created: Recovered memory therapy is based on the concept of repression. Psychoanalytic theory suggests that people routinely banish traumatic experiences from consciousness because they are too horrifying to contemplate. However, there is no scientific evidence to demonstrate that traumatic events are repressed. On the contrary, it is difficult to forget a highly disturbing event. Children who witnessed the murder of a parent cannot forget this highly traumatic event. The same is true about war veterans, concentration camp survivors, and people who were involved in major disasters. The concept of repression is a theory, not part of scientific psychiatry. Sixty years of efforts to study repression in the laboratory have not produced evidence in support. Coons suggested that psuedomemories can result from 'suggestion, social contagion, hypnosis, misdiagnosis, and the misapplication of hypnosis, dreamwork or regressive therapies.'
Hyman and Billings recently investigated if college students will create false childhood memories. The authors found that approximately 25% of the students created false memories.
We cannot rule out that it is possible for people to forget traumatic experiences and later remember them. However, considerable evidence suggests that in many cases 'recovered' memories were created as a result of suggestion or other psychological maneuvers.------------------------------------------------------------------ The abstract for C. Brooks Brenneis' "Evaluating the Evidence: Can We Find Authenticated Recovered Memory?" in Psychoanalytic Psychology, Volume 17, Issue 1 (the full article does not appear in the database I have access to): In the waning of the controversy over recovered memories of trauma, the question may be asked, What evidence is there that the phenomenon exists, not in disputed form, but in accurate and validated form? Because no memory can be authenticated in isolation, some form of corroboration is required. A single instance of validly recovered memory demonstrates the existence of the phenomenon. Can such a case be found? In search of the answer, a wide variety of case reports is surveyed. Only a few are without major flaws, but those few are provocative because, for the most part, they deviate substantially in context and content from the recovered memories most frequently described in the clinical literature. This casts doubt on the historical authenticity of therapeutically recovered memories and makes relevant for practice the possibility that they represent commentaries about the analytic present and not revelations about the historic past.------------------------------------------------------------------ From http://www.religioustolerance.org/rmt_comm.htm
Michael Yapko gathered statistics from therapists attending national and international psychotherapy conventions. These were supplemented by an additional 10% from his therapy training courses on unrelated topics. 64% had Master's degrees, 24% were PhD's. He found that:
* 97% believed hypnosis to be a useful technique
* 84% believed hypnotic age regression to be useful
* 54% believe that hypnosis can recover memories as far back as birth
* 41% believe that memories (even from the first years of life) are accurately stored and retrievable
* 31% believed that a trauma memory recovered during hypnosis must have happened.
We are unaware of any leading memory researcher who would agree with any of the last three findings. There appears to be a major gap between the beliefs of researchers and therapists.--------------------------------------------------------------- Examples of implanted memoriesBy police - From http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_baker.htm:
The McCuan and Kniffen Families
This was the first large Multi-Victim Multi-Offender (MVMO) child abuse case in North America. It was centered in Bakersfield and Kern County, CA. Two couples, Alvin & Debbie McCuan and Scott & Brenda Kniffen, were tried in 1983, found guilty, and given centuries-long jail sentences.
The McCuan/Kniffen convictions were overturned on appeal. The two couples were released from jail in 1996-AUG, after having spent 14 years in prison, isolated from each other.
The McCuan and Kniffen Investigation
The triggering incident occurred in 1980 when Becky McCuan disclosed that her grandfather, Rod Phelps, had touched her inappropriately. The family doctor confirmed the abuse. No charges were laid. Becky's mother, Debbie McCuan arranged for her daughter to obtain counseling. But Debbie's step-mother, Mary Ann Barbour, who is believed to have had a history of mental illness, felt that her step-granddaughters were not sufficiently protected. She obtained the assistance of the Mothers of Bakersfield, a group concerned about child abuse. Jill Haddad took particular interest in the case; she was the spokesperson for the group, and had many relatives working for local police forces.
Ms. Barbour claimed that Alvin and Debbie McCuan were not good parents, and that Debbie's day care license should be revoked. She asked the Social Services Department make a surprise inspection. The social worker, Betty Palko, found no major infractions and took no action to revoke the license.
Mary Ann Barbour became distressed when she heard that the McCuans had taken their two daughters on a supervised visit to see the alleged abusing grandfather and his wife. She is reported to have ended up in the psychiatric ward as the result of a psychotic episode. At a custody hearing in 1982-MAR, she was able to get custody of her step-grandchildren. County officials filed child endangerment charges against the McCuans. At this point, Ms. Barbour started to believe that a large "sex ring" existed in Kern County. "There is a group of people involved in molesting the girls. They are all in on it! "
The girls, Becky and Dawn were repeatedly questioned. They confirmed what their Step-grandmother had said. Over many months, their disclosures became increasingly bizarre. They said that had been hung from ceiling hooks, beaten with belts, rented to strangers in motels and been forced to act in "kiddy-porn" movies. They claimed that they were abused by a sex ring which involved their grandparents, their parents, their father's brothers, friends of their parents (Scott & Brenda Kniffen), the social worker who did the inspection, a co-worker of their father, and two unnamed welfare workers.
On 1982-APR-6, Becky was driven around the area to the homes of the alleged sex-ring members. She said that there were pornographic pictures, a sex toy and other evidence in the Kniffen home. The Kniffens were arrested two days later.
In their six month investigation, police officers ignored many factors:
* rope burns that would have been present if the abuse had happened were absent
* markings on the railing where the children said they were tied were absent.
* there were plant hooks in the ceiling, but they could not have supported a child's weight
* there were no ceiling hooks in the rooms where the children said there were
* there were no patches in the ceiling which would have been left behind if ceiling hooks had been removed
* Both Becky and Dawn told their parents' defense attorney that they had only accused one of their uncles because their step-grandmother told them to
* no pornographic movies, "snuff films" or movie cameras were ever found
* there was no evidence of physical trauma to either child, except for that attributed to the grandfather's alleged assault on Becky.
* the Kniffen parents voluntarily submitted to polygraph tests which indicated that they were both innocent. These tests are generally regarded as being accurate between 70 and 90% of the time. The probability of both parents actually being guilty and fooling the polygraph test is about 1 to 9%.
* Allegations of Satanic ritual murders came up during group therapy. Becky and Dawn led the police to the spot where they believed that the sacrificed infants were buried. Neither bodies nor disturbed earth (filled-in pits) were ever found. (Disturbed earth can be detected centuries after pits are filled in).
The social worker and her boyfriend (their father's co-worker) were tried separately. Their lawyer introduced Ms. Barbour's medical records into the trial. This evidence is believed to have convinced the Kern County District Attorney to drop charges against the couple. The medical records were then sealed and not permitted to be used by the defense in the subsequent trial of the McCuans and Kniffens.
The Kniffen sons, Brian and Brandon, were repeatedly and suggestively interrogated. The interviewers would describe a sex act and then ask the child to confirm or deny that it happened. When questioned separately, each was told (falsely) that their brother had disclosed abuse by both the parents and the rest of the sex-ring. Brian and Brandon claim that they were yelled at and terrorized by the interrogators. They were told that they could go home again if they testified about the abuse. These manipulative and coercive interrogation methods are now known to generate false allegations. "Questioning in Bakersfield went far beyond the definition of leading and was, in fact, coercive, threatening, brainwashing of young children." (1) Unfortunately, in early 1983, basic research into child interview techniques (2) was in its early stages; direct questioning and manipulation of children was common practice. The Kniffen boys finally caved in under the pressure and said that abuse had occurred.
During a supervised visit Brandon Kniffen was asked by his grandmother whether the charges were true. He answered "No. None of those things ever happened.". The grandmother was arrested for discussing the case with her grandchild; she was not allowed to testify at the trial, and had her visits terminated for years afterwards.
The 1983-4 McCuan and Kniffen Trial
The trial was held during 1983 and 1984. Dr. Bruce Woodling testified that his "wink response" tests on the children proved that sodomy had occurred. In the test, the anus is touched with a swab and a reaction is looked for. This test has since been totally discredited. Controlled tests have revealed that anal winking occurs in both abused and non-abused children. There was no other hard evidence of sexual abuse. The McCuans and Kniffens were convicted on multiple charges and given a combined sentence of over 1000 years.
Brian Kniffen later recanted, and said that he had been told what to say at the trial and had been promised that he could be with his parents again if he cooperated. His brother Brandon has also recanted. They have stated that the abuse never occurred and that they were led and coerced to testify as they did.
...
The 1996 McCuan and Kniffen Appeal
Mike Snedeker, lawyer and co-author of Satan's Silence (3) has appealed many "sex-ring" cases to the 5th District Court of Appeal and the California Supreme Court. He had won 14 reversals. On 1995-JUL-15, an evidence hearing was held on a request for a new trial for the McCuans and Kniffens. The hearing focused on the two issues that are common to many MVMO cases:
* child suggestibility during manipulative interviews involving direct, repeated questioning of sexual abuse
* the worthlessness of the "anal wink" testimony that was so instrumental in convicting the defendants.
Brian Kniffen, now 20 years of age, testified on JUL-25 how he was coerced and badgered at the age of 6 by social workers and district attorneys. Interviewed after the closed hearing, (4) he said "I believed my mother's words when she said to do what these people said. And I believed them...when they promised I could go home if I just said it all had happened. So I did. ...And I never did go home.". Commenting on district attorney Andrew Gindes, he said "He would slam books down, yell when we wouldn't cooperated. He was demanding and scared us and wouldn't take no for an answer...I wish I could talk to him now and ask him... why, why did he do that to me?" Brian lived in a total of 16 foster homes, some of which were abusive. When he was 13, his grandparents, Dick and Marilyn Kniffen, were finally able to obtain custody. His brother Brandon, age 23, testified that he had never been molested by his parents and that he only agreed to say so after many grueling interviews. He related "For a long time I felt deserted by my family...I didn't know that all along they were trying to see me, get custody. I just thought they had forgotten about me."
On 1996-AUG-12, Judge Jon Steubbe of the Kern County Superior Court overturned the convictions of both the Kniffens and McCuans, and ordered their immediate release. His main reason was (5) that the "the interviewing techniques used to obtain information from the minors were fraught with undesirable consequences." They had been in prison for 14 years and isolated from each other for crimes that they did not commit...in fact for crimes that never happened. Ed Jagels, the current Kern County District Attorney, described the case as being currently "unprosecutable" and has declined to retry the Kniffens and McCuans.
The Kniffens, parents and sons, have been able to reunite into a loving, supporting family. But the boys have since grown into men. The parents were absent from their lives for 12 years. Becky and Dawn McCuan have never recanted their court testimony. Their original accusations, obtained through improper interrogation methods, have probably coalesced into false memories; they probably believe that they were ritually abused over a decade ago. They have had no contact with their parents in 12 years.---------------------------------------------------------------- From http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_breez.htmBy professionals with child protective services The Bucks County, PA Day School Ritual Abuse Case:
This is a situation that started as a typical MVMO (Multi-Victim, Multi-Offender) ritual abuse investigation. However, it was terminated before it could be taken to trial. Otherwise, this case would probably have resulted in a costly trial, and long jail sentences for the accused. Unfortunately, this investigation was not stopped early enough. As a result, there are many area children with implanted memories of horrendous forms of abuse that never happened. Some of these will be haunted by false memories for their entire life.
The accusations centered around the Breezy Point Day School 5 in Bucks County, PA. A parent complained in early 1989 that her 4 year old daughter had been sexually abused. Her female teacher (married with children, 35) had allegedly penetrated her vagina with "cinnamon cream." Professionals from the Bucks Country Children and Youth Services interviewed students at the day school who all denied that any abuse had taken place. The interviews were repeated for months, both formally by the professionals and informally by concerned parents. Finally, two additional four-year old girls disclosed that they had also been abused with cream. Such disclosures are essentially routine even in instances where no abuse took place. All that is necessary is for well-meaning interviewers to use direct and repeated questioning. (1)
As in other MVMO cases, the charges began to multiply quickly. They also began to involve additional people: the teacher's husband and her female aid (age 68), etc. Further intensive interrogation brought a whole list of criminal activities: (2)
"..beaten by the teacher and her aide, locked in cages, and made to ingest feces and urine and to watch rabbits being slaughtered while the teacher held the animals' beating hearts. They had, furthermore, been abducted to various hotels to take part in group sexual activities, and had seen the teacher cut and stab other students. They had been raped by the teacher's husband and her two children, been photographed nude by the teacher's husband and been forced to set fires and to bury animals.
Children said they had been put in "locked cages" at school.
The prosecution of this case had been transferred from the Northampton police to Alan Rubenstein, the Bucks County District Attorney. He ordered a one year, full, intensive police investigation of all of the complaints, in an effort to obtain hard evidence of criminal activity that he could bring to court. Some results were:
* The DA investigators were unable to identify a secret room where some demonic ritual abuse allegedly occurred. The children described the large fireplace in the room. But no fireplace was found in any of the school's rooms. Parents suggested that the fireplace had been removed, but no sign of remodeling was found
* no remains of mutilated animals were found
* every child in the school was questioned; none could corroborate the charges.
* according to one child accuser, the teacher had identifying marks on her body that were not visible when she was clothed. None were found during a medical examination. The parent suggested that the marks had been surgically removed; but no evidence of the removal existed either
* the children were given medical exams to determined if they had been raped or stabbed. No evidence was found.
* the cages turned out to be the metal jungle gym apparatus in the school yard. The children used to play a game in which the boys "locked up" girls in the gym.
James Stilwell, who headed the National Agency Against the Organized Exploitation of Children Inc., studied the evidence. He concluded that a pedophile was indeed abusing children at the day school. His credibility was severely compromised when his expertise was found to be unrelated to child abuse; he was an unemployed plumber.
Lack of physical evidence did not deter other DAs from laying charges in previous cases, like the Fells Acre case of Malden, MA involving the Amirault Family or the McMartin cases of Manhattan Beach, CA involving Peggy & Ray Buckey and Virginia McMartin. There was no physical evidence at Bre ezy Point 5 to support the children's accusations. If their stories were accurate, then certain evidence would be have to be present - and it was not. But for once, the DA did the right thing. Alan Rubenstein announced that the charges were baseless and that no charges would be laid. He said in a 1997-APR interview, years later, that "I wanted to try the case myself...I was convinced it would be the greatest case in the history of my commonwealth. But there was no evidence at all, as in this case. I was instead convinced this was the greatest hoax in the history of my Commonwealth...The parents thought I was some victim of Witchcraft...But it was all the product of a shared hysteria." He was quoted in a newspaper article (4): "We proved that none of this ever happened...This wasn't a question of maybe it happened and we just can't prove it. This was conjured up by the hysteria of the parents who bought into this. It never happened."
In a subsequent civil defamation suit, the accusers paid the teacher and school an undisclosed sum.------------------------------------------------------------------ From http://www.religioustolerance.org/ra_park.htmAnd finally, by therapists: "Michael Parker" Satanic Ritual Abuse case, North Carolina
It seems from the data that is currently available to us that this is a clear indication of a man rotting in jail for a crime that he did not commit -- in fact for a crime that never happened.
Michael Parker has been imprisoned in North Carolina since about 1991. As in many other cases of child sexual abuse, allegations arose during a divorce case and custody battle. He is alleged to have been the high priest of an underground Satanic cult operating in his neighborhood. Over thirty people were originally accused of ritual abuse of children, including Parker's own mother. According to Robert Chatelle, an advocate for the wrongfully accused: "Only Michael was ever brought to trial. The prosecution evidently came to realize that the case was so ludicrous that they couldn't hope to keep Michael in prison if they proceeded with the other charges." His mother pleaded "no contest."
None of the children had made any allegations of abuse. However, his former wife had been impressed by a book about Satanism, and had taken the children to therapists. During counseling, they disclosed having been abused by Satanists wearing Ku Klux Klan robes. One of the children testified that her father raped her with a big spoon. She said that it filled with blood, and that he poured it into a cup and drank it. One of his daughters, who had been in a mental hospital, said that Parker had molested her. She said that a poster on her bedroom wall, which advertised the "I Love Lucy" show, talked to her and told her that she deserved all her suffering.
Parker was tried in 1993 for ritually abusing his three young children. He was unable to afford a lawyer. The jury only took 55 minutes to find him guilty. He was imprisoned and will not be be eligible for parole until the year 2154 -- a date which is many decades beyond his life expectancy.
One of Michael's children allegedly sent a letter to a newspaper which said that no abuse ever happened and that the children were pressured into making the accusations.------------------------------------------------------------- Sorry about the length. |
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