In Greece the favorite game is cheating on taxes (they are almost as profligate in this regard as WE are). The Greek Government has been running annual deficits of about
13%. Over time this has caused the public debt to keep growing.
The tax revenues lost are roughly 26% each year. Distributional Implications of Tax Evasion in Greece
"Income under-reporting is estimated at 10%, resulting in a 26% shortfall in tax receipts. The paper finds that the effects of tax evasion are higher income inequality and poverty, as well as lower progressivity of the income tax system."
see:
Table 4. Under-reporting by level of income. THe higher income inequality means the bulk of the population does not have enough money to produce enough demand to support a healthy economy with adequate economic growth and job creation. Greece's problems are quickly becoming our problems. Since 2000 the median real income has actually gone down in the U.S. This lead to inadequate aggregate demand for the things businesses wanted to sell. As buninesses found it harder to make healthy profits and attractive rates of growth in profits there came to be a dearth of promising business opportunities for investors to invest in. ...So, casting about for places to invest their money, investors moved into commodities causing them to rise markedly (including food commodities) which was in particular, made manifest in 2007 -2008 timeframe. Those with money to invest also moved eagerly into real estate - especially when the reckless promotion of sub-Prime loans produced high return Bundled Mortgages(CDOs).
The availability of unregulated Credit Default Swaps (thank you Phil Gramm and your Commodities Futures Modernization act - added on as a rider to the veto proof 11,000 page Omnibus Funding bill in the last days of the Clinton administration - nobody even knew that the CFMA was IN THERE) greatly enhanced the appeal of sub-Prime Collaterized Debt Obligations (CDOs) to investors as the banks told them, for a few basis points, the investor would be
protected from loss of their investment in case of default(!!).
The sub-Prime mortgage was especially appreciated (no pun intended) by the banksters as they knew most Americans couldn't afford many of the properties being built then and the sub-Prime mortgage was a way to keep the housing market 'strong'. In the 1990's almost everybody thought housing prices would keep rising unabated, so many figured they wouldn't sweat the higher payments a few years down the road because they would 'flip' that house and buy another before the higher rates kicked in! The Predatory Lenders couldn't care less if their 'pigeons' couldn't afford the mortages because the Predatory lenders were going to flip the mortgages! The banksters and predatory lenders knew with so many people unable to afford the houses being built that the housing market would flop without some gimmick to keep people buying and borrowing.
Deregulation produced profits - for banks and predatory lenders - until it didn't -- when the bubble exploded. THen came the crash and millions unemployed - but let's leave that out of the calculation of the
benefits of deregulation.
Republican policies of cutting taxes for the most wealthy (50% of the Bush tax cut went to the wealthiest few percent in the country) meant more of the tax burden went on the middle class. This in time resulted in inadequate aggregate demand required for a healthy, growing, job-creating economy. Deregulation created the opportunity for anyone so inclined to cheat. So the Wallstreet Banksters and Predatory Lenders had a 'high time' until the false prosperity went pop!