German system values health care as a right
Roman Deininger is a political reporter for the Suddeutsche Zeitung in Munich, one of Germany's two leading daily newspapers, and is visiting The Philadelphia Inquirer on an Arthur F. Burns Fellowship.
I was in an American hospital's emergency room only once, and then I was not the patient. A friend of mine from Malaysia was, and he received excellent care. But I have to admit this is not what I primarily remember from that night. Instead what springs to mind is that the first thing this frightened patient was asked by the hospital staff wasn't how he was doing. It was how he intended to pay.
For me, as a German, this was a culture shock. The scene nurtured a feeling - grossly unfair as it is to countless dedicated professionals - that the U.S. health-care system was more about money than health. You hear terrible stories (told not only by polemics like Michael Moore) about commercial insurers weeding out customers they deem unprofitable. Stories about people getting sick, losing their job because they are sick, losing their insurance because they lost their job, and losing their life because they lost their insurance.
This couldn't happen in Germany. Don't get me wrong: Our health-care model is full of flaws and in constant need of reform, and of course it's also about making money. But the drive for profits is held in check by one overarching principle: solidarity.
I know this sounds a bit like "socialism," but it isn't. And I understand the conservative philosophy feeding the American distrust toward public health insurance. However, if there is to be an honest discussion about universal health care - as provided by nearly every industrialized nation - we must dispel the myth that it infringes on individual rights.
The German model, the world's first national system, dating back to 1883, is based on the conviction that every person should have a basic protection at any given time in his life, and that this should be guaranteed by the collective sharing of risks. Therefore, health care is financed by individuals on the basis of what they can afford to contribute while being available to everyone on equal terms. Ninety percent of Germans participate in the public system; 10 percent have private insurance.
We're not talking about "socialized medicine." The system, once almost self-sufficient, is supervised by government but not run by it. America's Medicare and veterans health plans, already in place (and working neatly), are much closer to being socialized than the German model.
Yes, the state co-finances the whole structure - for example, by covering children for free from general revenues. Yes, the state collects the premiums as taxes (15.5 percent of income, with employers and employees contributing roughly half). And yes, the state redistributes the money to insurers and on to doctors and drug companies. But the insurers don't work for the government, and neither do doctors. They're making autonomous decisions regarding patients' health.
There are more than 200 insurance funds in Germany. They are nonprofit, but independent and competing for customers from the risk pool. Granted, competition is lame compared with the United States, but there is enough to give people choices.
But first things first: In Germany, health insurance is mandatory. Only a minimal part of the population - 0.1 percent - goes uncovered (mostly illegal residents and homeless, but some self-employed, too). In the United States, this number is close to 15 percent. Those too poor to afford health care in Germany have it subsidized by the state. Almost no one is in danger of being ruined financially by medical bills.
more...
http://www.philly.com/inquirer/opinion/20091004_German_system_values_health_care_as_a_right.html