http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol3/v3n20hri_body.htmlHuman Rights and Intelligence Reform
Volume 3, Number 20
July 1998
by Carlos Salinas, Amnesty International
Editors: Tom Barry (IRC) and Martha Honey (IPS)
Key Points
* International law prohibits extrajudicial killings, "disappearances," torture, and ill-treatment under any circumstances, but these are frequent in the intelligence arena.
* The CIA is only one of many components of the vast U.S. intelligence community, which has an annual budget of more than $26 billion.
* Secrecy around intelligence activity has resulted in the public’s ignorance about the magnitude and type of intelligence operations and has prevented meaningful participation in this area of government.
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has long been associated with the overthrow of governments and the installation of bloody military regimes. Examples include the unseating of Mossadegh in Iran in 1953, the overthrow of Guatemalan President Arbenz in 1954, the failed invasion of Cuba in 1961, and the toppling of Chilean President Allende in 1973. The overthrow of governments is only one cause for notoriety. Other factors include: the creation, training, and funding of foreign armies and insurgents such as the Laotian Hmong during the 1960s and the Nicaraguan contras and Afghani mujahideen during the 1980s; assassination attempts of foreign leaders such as Cuba’s Fidel Castro; giving LSD to unsuspecting U.S. citizens; and other "dirty tricks." There is a vast array of international legal instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Conventions, that prohibit extrajudicial executions, "disappearances," torture, and ill-treatment in any circumstance. Yet these violent overthrows and the operations of CIA-associated armed groups routinely involve such crimes.
The CIA is just one of many components of the U.S. intelligence community, which has an annual budget of more than $26 billion (just disclosed in 1997, due to a lawsuit). Composed of a vast array of interlocking agencies, the complexity of this community can hardly be summarized in an organizational chart. There are, first of all, about a dozen so-called "national" intelligence agencies, the foremost including: the CIA, charged with intelligence analysis, secret human intelligence gathering, and covert action; the Defense Intelligence Agency, which collects and produces intelligence at the Pentagon; the National Security Agency, tasked with obtaining signals intelligence (e.g. electronic eavesdropping) as well as breaking and creating codes; and the National Reconnaissance Office, which manages satellite collections. In addition, national intelligence is produced by components of each of the military branches; by small offices in the Departments of State, Energy, and Treasury; and by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Then there is "joint military intelligence," which includes numerous programs and agencies designed to provide intelligence for defense-wide military requirements. Finally, there is "tactical" intelligence, comprising hundreds of programs in various agencies that are intended to provide intelligence support to military commanders on the battlefield.
This multifaceted intelligence network gathers information about topics or human "targets," often without the knowledge of the target and managed so that the target remains unaware. This is especially the case with signals intelligence such as electronic eavesdropping. In other cases, intelligence is gathered directly from foreign officials or other individuals who have agreed to provide the human intelligence information in exchange for financial or other compensation. Information is also obtained and exchanged formally through liaison relationships with foreign intelligence agencies.
Covert action is yet another intelligence operation. Not limited to gathering information, a covert action is any operation in which the hand of the U.S. is to remain hidden. A key concept for such actions is that of plausible deniability—the ability of the president to disavow any U.S. knowledge of involvement in the action. The legal basis for covert actions is derived from the National Security Act of 1947, which states that as part of its role the agency will perform "other functions and duties related to intelligence…"
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Check this picture, can you find guys this tubby in the country side of Iraq?
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info