Pelosi gets unwanted lesson in Catholic theology
By RACHEL ZOLL – 3 days ago
Politics can be treacherous. But House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
walked on even riskier ground in a recent TV interview when
she attempted a theological defense of her support for
abortion rights.
Roman Catholic bishops consider her arguments on St. Augustine
and free will so far out of line with church teaching that
they have issued a steady stream of statements to correct her.
The latest came Wednesday from Pittsburgh Bishop David Zubik,
who said Pelosi, D-Calif., "stepped out of her political
role and completely misrepresented the teaching of the
Catholic Church in regard to abortion."
It has been a harsh week of rebuke for the Democratic
congresswoman, a Catholic school graduate who repeatedly has
expressed pride in and love for her religious heritage.
Cardinals and archbishops in Washington, D.C., Philadelphia,
New York and Denver are among those who have criticized her
remarks. Archbishop George Niederauer, in Pelosi's hometown of
San Francisco, will take up the issue in the Sept. 5 edition
of the archdiocesan newspaper, his spokesman said.
Sunday, on NBC's "Meet the Press" program, Pelosi
said "doctors of the church" have not been able to
define when life begins.
She also cited the role of individual conscience. "God
has given us, each of us, a free will and a responsibility to
answer for our actions," she said.
Brendan Daly, a spokesman for Pelosi, said in a statement
defending her remarks that she "fully appreciates the
sanctity of family" and based her views on conception on
the "views of Saint Augustine, who said, 'The law does
not provide that the act (abortion) pertains to homicide, for
there cannot yet be said to be a live soul in a body that
lacks sensation.'"
But whether or not parishioners choose to accept it, the
theology on the procedure is clear. From its earliest days,
Christianity has considered abortion evil.
"This teaching has remained unchanged and remains
unchangeable," according to the Catechism of the Catholic
Church. "Direct abortion, that is to say, abortion willed
either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary to the moral
law."
The Rev. Douglas Milewski, a Seton Hall University theologian
who specializes in Augustine, said Pelosi seems to be
confusing church teaching on abortion with the theological
debate over when a fetus receives a soul.
"Saint Augustine wondered about the stages of human
development before birth, how this related to the question of
ensoulment and what it meant for life in the Kingdom of
God," Milewski said.
Questions about ensoulment related to determining penalties
under church law for early and later abortions, not deciding
whether the procedure is permissible, according to the U.S.
Bishops' Committee on Pro-Life Activities.
Augustine was "quite clear on the immorality of abortion
as evil violence, destructive of the very fabric of human
bonds and society," Milewski said.
Regarding individual decision-making, the church teaches that
Catholics are obliged to use their conscience in considering
moral issues. However, that doesn't mean parishioners can pick
and choose what to believe and still be in line with the
church.
Lisa Sowle Cahill, a theologian at Boston College, said
conscience must be formed by Catholic teaching and
philosophical insights. "It's not just a personal opinion
that you came up with randomly," she said.
Catholic theologians today overwhelmingly consider debate over
the morality of abortion settled. Thinkers and activists who
attempt to challenge the theology are often considered on the
fringes of church life.
However, there is a rigorous debate over how the teaching
should guide voters and public officials. Are Catholics
required to choose the candidate who opposes abortion? Or can
they back a politician based on his or her policies on
reducing, not outlawing, the procedure?
The U.S. bishops addressed this question in their
election-year public policy guide, "Forming Consciences
for Faithful Citizenship."
They said that voting for a candidate specifically because he
or she supports "an intrinsic evil" such as abortion
amounts to "formal cooperation in grave evil."
In some cases, Catholics may vote for a candidate with a
position contrary to church teaching, but only for "truly
grave moral reasons, not to advance narrow interests or
partisan preferences," according to the document.
It is a complex discussion. The Rev. Thomas Reese, senior
fellow at the Woodstock Theological Center at Georgetown
University, has some advice for candidates who seek to join
the debate: Stick to politics — and support programs that
truly help reduce the number of abortions.
"It is a big mistake," Reese said, "for
politicians to talk theology."
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