Source:
heraldMEXICO CITY -- Almost a century after its constitution was drafted, Mexico is in knots over the meaning of a single article dealing with oil.
President Felipe Calderón wants the state oil company, Petroleos Mexicanos, to contract with private foreign firms to build desperately needed refineries and drill for deep-water oil.
But it's not clear that Mexico's 1917 constitution allows it.
The constitution came out of the Mexican revolution, which began in 1910 to overthrow a 30-year dictatorship, restrain the Roman Catholic Church and redistribute wealth and land, much of it in the hands of foreigners and the church.
Regarding natural resources, the constitution was explicit.
''The direct dominion of all the natural resources of the continental shelf and the underwater (bases) of the islands, corresponds to the nation,'' the article says.
Back in 1917, there wasn't yet a state oil company. The Ford Model T automobile was just nine years into mass production, and Article 27 of the constitution was more about land rights and mining than black gold.
On March 18, 1938, a date every Mexican school kid knows by heart, President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized foreign oil companies, citing the constitution. The biggest was Standard Oil, founded by oil baron John D. Rockefeller, which today lives on as Exxon Mobil.
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