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The chairman (then president) Akito Morita, wanted to get into the American TV market in the early 70's. American television manufacturers had nearby repair centers near their customers, but Sony couldn't afford to set up a U.S. repair network in addition to a U.S. dealer network. Morita mandated a 0% defect rate in design and manufacture, knowing that if Sony's Trinitron brand had *any* problems in the U.S., that would reinforce the "cheap imitation" reputation that Japanese products had had since World War II and permanently ruin sales for all Sony products.
Design and manufacturing developed many of the current quality practices now in use world-wide. Morita brought Edwards Demming to Japan, to teach Sony engineers and plant managers how to build in quality at every step of the process. The result was superb, replicatable, quality in every Sony product.
The strategy worked. Sony got a reputation as the company whose products always worked right out of the box, and never, ever, failed. Morita developed the WalkMan, demanding his engineers make him a portable hi-fidelity system so he could listen to music while exercising. He evaluated each version of the WalkMan personally, until he was satisfied. When he caught his wife glaring at him across the living room one evening while listening to his WalkMan, he told the engineers the next day to add a second headphone jack. (Shared listening never became popular, but for years, every WalkMan had two headphone jacks.)
In 1972, I bought my parents a 13" Sony Trinitron. It sat on the kitchen counter for the next 27 years, working perfectly until the channel selector dial finally bought it. Best $400 I ever spent.
P.S. - Sony bought Aiwa in the late 80's because Aiwa was out-Sony-ing Sony w/r/t features, cost and quality. The departure of Morita led to an overall decline in Sony products, imho.
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