Democratic Underground Latest Greatest Lobby Journals Search Options Help Login
Google

Sex and the Faithful Soldier

Printer-friendly format Printer-friendly format
Printer-friendly format Email this thread to a friend
Printer-friendly format Bookmark this thread
This topic is archived.
Home » Discuss » Latest Breaking News Donate to DU
 
ECH1969 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:27 PM
Original message
Sex and the Faithful Soldier
ADD another item to the well-equipped soldier's duffel. An evangelical radio ministry has developed a book kit meant to help soldiers protect their sexual purity, and is raising money to send 6,000 kits to chaplains who have requested them.

The kits, from New Life Ministries, which broadcasts on 150 stations nationally, is intended to promote Bible-based abstinence from pornography, adultery, nonmarital sex and masturbation. "Your goal is sexual purity," the authors write. "You are sexually pure when no sexual gratification comes from anyone or anything but your wife."

The five-book "Every Soldier's Battle" kit, boxed in camouflage, arrives at a time of "increased underlying tension in military chaplaincy," as more chaplains come from evangelical Christian traditions, said David Segal, director of the Center for Research on Military Organization at the University of Maryland. These chaplains often bring a culture of proselytizing, Mr. Segal said, that is "not in consonance with the way the military defines chaplaincy."

"Every Soldier's Battle" began with a call earlier this year to New Life from Michael Music, a chaplain's assistant (official rank: religious program specialist first class), with a Navy unit then in Iraq.

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/30/weekinreview/30leland.html
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
Gato Moteado Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:31 PM
Response to Original message
1. reminds me of arlo's "alice's restaurant"
where the guy can't get into the army and go to viet nam to kill women and babies because he got busted for littering.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Arkana Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:54 PM
Response to Reply #1
11. "And I started jumping up and down, yellin' 'KILL! KILL! KILL!!'"
"And the sergeant came down, pinned a medal on my chest and said 'You're our boy'..."
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
JudyM Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:34 PM
Response to Original message
2. How wonderful for the soldiers: make them feel guilty about masturbating!
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Lubernaut Donating Member (614 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:40 PM
Response to Reply #2
3. Yes...
But they can't be good soldiers if they go blind from touching themselves.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Gato Moteado Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:41 PM
Response to Reply #2
5. they want them to be pure......
....before going out there and killing.

these wacky "christians" are so much like the fundy muslims, it's scary.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Withywindle Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:41 PM
Response to Original message
4. Somehow I think...
...this is not real high on the list of things most soldiers are worried about.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
sarcasmo Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 09:00 PM
Response to Reply #4
23. It is a form of our new American Theocracy.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Solly Mack Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:41 PM
Response to Original message
6. Alrighty then
ho hum
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
gizmo1979 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:41 PM
Response to Original message
7. HAHAHAHAHAHA
wow.I don't want to paint everyone with a broad brush,but when I was in the Army I don't want to say we were male sluts but the shoe fits.This is the most hilarious thing I've heard in along time.Maybe they'll be able to use the literature for toilet paper.When do these folks start to get a clue?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
jayctravis Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:24 PM
Response to Reply #7
43. A friend of mine said that the soldiers essentially
are in barracks living together and masturbate openly, since there is no privacy to be had, and there is no shame in this. To them it's about as shocking as brushing their teeth, but I'd *love* to see some fundamentalists' eyeballs explode at the concept of this.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
hootinholler Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:45 PM
Response to Original message
8. Halelujia! Now stop schtupping the prisoners! n/t
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
MisterP Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:48 PM
Response to Original message
9. Mao's Li'l Red Book?
remember the evil chaplain, the one who refused water and "extra" food until soldiers or Iraqis converted and were baptised by him?
Most fundie churches have money-changing stations of sorts--in fact, megachurches are in fact little but giant money-changers' stalls (or office blocks!) with a temple somewhere inside.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
jmowreader Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 10:24 PM
Response to Reply #9
49. The evil chaplain I remember...
had the only bathing facilities available to the troops in all Iraq--a big container containing 900 gallons of potable water that served as a bathtub. And he'd let you take a bath in his 900 gallons of water only if you converted to Christianity right in front of him.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
China_cat Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:49 PM
Response to Original message
10. ...comes from anyone or anything but your wife
I guess that'll be great news to our female military members.

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
uniden Donating Member (111 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 06:55 PM
Response to Original message
12. poor soldiers
people don't want them to visit prostitutes or even masturbate. What's a 20 year old to do?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
celestia671 Donating Member (854 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:37 PM
Response to Reply #12
17. Are there even prostitutes in Iraq?
I've wondered if any of the soldiers have hooked up with women over there, and later on, there will be a new generation of Iraqi Americans, like what happened after Vietnam.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
ECH1969 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:40 PM
Response to Reply #17
18. Yes there are alot of prostitutes in Iraq
Edited on Sat Oct-29-05 07:45 PM by ECH1969
but they are often called temporary wives. You can buy a temporary wife for a couple hours or how ever long she is willing to stay with you. Iran and a few other ME countries have temporary wives I believe.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
uniden Donating Member (111 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:41 PM
Response to Reply #17
19. supply and demand :-)
I'm sure they are. Maybe not as open as in Philipines, Japan or other nations,
but when you have 160,000 young men with lots of money (for Iraqis), something is bound to happen :)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
jonnyblitz Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:54 PM
Response to Reply #17
20. where there is military, there are prostitutes. somehow. trust me. nt
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Book Lover Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 10:29 PM
Response to Reply #20
50. Hell, where there are *men*, there are prostitutes (nm)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
sonicx Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:03 PM
Response to Original message
13. So it's OK to shoot another human being...
but not to masturbate.

I had it mixed up all these years.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
valerief Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:03 PM
Response to Original message
14. Yeah, and the Vatican wants to equip them with a
flagellation whip. "Beat me, Father, for I have sinned."
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Divernan Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:07 PM
Response to Original message
15. Navy docs advised submariners & their spouses to masturbate
on the "use it or lose it" theory of sexual desire/capacity. This was back in the 60's.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
sendero Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 07:12 PM
Response to Original message
16. If I know I could die any day..
.... there's nothing I'd rather give up than sex :sarcasm:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
CoffeeCat Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 08:37 PM
Response to Original message
21. Ironical....
We can kill innocent civilians and maim children. However, if a soldier wants to masturbate--well, remind him of his heinous behavior with a purity kit!

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
malaise Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 09:39 AM
Response to Reply #21
38. Meanwhile
those ten commandments they love so dearly say 'thou shall not kill'.
Ah fugg these idiots.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
nookiemonster Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 08:53 PM
Response to Original message
22. Sounds like a load of "horseshit" from some repressed wankers.
Who the hell are these people???

Note to New Life Ministries: STAY THE FUCK OUT OF OUR LIFE!!!


I can't wait until we marginalize these pseudo "Christians".


:mad:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Lexingtonian Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 09:47 PM
Response to Original message
24. this is funny!

I hope someone keeps a collection of all this crap. In 50 years it's going to be worth so much money.

Kids then are going to look this, and the Museum of Creationism stuff, and the anti-gay literature, and ask: "Grandma, were people really that crazy and stupid back in 2005?"
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
BiggJawn Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 09:13 AM
Response to Reply #24
34. No, it'll be the other way around...
Edited on Sun Oct-30-05 09:18 AM by BiggJawn
A secret display in the basement of the "Ministry of Ministries" in Colorado Springs documenting those "Sodom and Gommorrah days" of the late 20th century...

Only high-ranking Ayatollahs and researchers with shrivelled private parts will be able to look through the collection.

Included will be the "proof" used to show that James Randi and Carl Sagan were actually "High Priests" of the "sex religion" thus clearing the way for the burning of their books (and Randi himself), and volumes of testimony from people claiming that because of the teaching of Evolution to the exclussion of "Intelligent Design", they considered themselves merely animals, thus having the green light to fuck themselves silly.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
TechBear_Seattle Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-29-05 10:58 PM
Response to Original message
25. "[A]nyone, or anything but your wife."
Doesn't that pretty much sum up the fundamentalist attitude towards women?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
OneBlueSky Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 01:37 AM
Response to Original message
26. pretty soon, we'll need a movement to protect masturbation rights . . .
that's probably the next thing the right will try to make illegal . . .
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Theres-a Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 01:41 PM
Response to Reply #26
42. From my cold dead hands!
:rofl: :rofl: :rofl: :rofl: :rofl:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
yellowcanine Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 01:40 AM
Response to Original message
27. They want to keep soldiers from masturbating? Won't that make it
more likely that the soldiers will have sex? Stands to reason.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
GoddessOfGuinness Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 01:55 AM
Response to Reply #27
28. Masturbation is much worse than extramarital sex...
Edited on Sun Oct-30-05 01:55 AM by GoddessOfGuinness
Because nobody can get pregnant. :eyes:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
kskiska Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:23 AM
Response to Original message
29. DUPE
Edited on Sun Oct-30-05 01:44 AM by kskiska
ADD another item to the well-equipped soldier's duffel. An evangelical radio ministry has developed a book kit meant to help soldiers protect their sexual purity, and is raising money to send 6,000 kits to chaplains who have requested them.

The kits, from New Life Ministries, which broadcasts on 150 stations nationally, is intended to promote Bible-based abstinence from pornography, adultery, nonmarital sex and masturbation. "Your goal is sexual purity," the authors write. "You are sexually pure when no sexual gratification comes from anyone or anything but your wife."

The five-book "Every Soldier's Battle" kit, boxed in camouflage, arrives at a time of "increased underlying tension in military chaplaincy," as more chaplains come from evangelical Christian traditions, said David Segal, director of the Center for Research on Military Organization at the University of Maryland. These chaplains often bring a culture of proselytizing, Mr. Segal said, that is "not in consonance with the way the military defines chaplaincy."

(snip)

"You've got really good guys over there who are trying to keep their act together," said Mr. Arterburn, host of a daily radio program of Christian counseling. Mr. Arterburn said he was particularly concerned about pornography, which he said "has actually neutered men," because it has replaced real women with images.

more…
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/30/weekinreview/30leland.html?pagewanted=print
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
EFerrari Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:23 AM
Response to Reply #29
30. Protect their sexual purity.
Right.

Someone shoot me. My head just exploded.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
madeline_con Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:23 AM
Response to Reply #29
31. "... and masturbation ..." ??!!
We'll have none of that!



"... has actually neutered men," because it has replaced real women with images."

O.K. maybe guys who live in their mom's basement!
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
MnFats Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:23 AM
Response to Reply #31
32. Gosh, chaplain, can't I just do it 'til I need glasses?
old joke.
sorry, couldn't resist.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
mestup Donating Member (756 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 02:23 AM
Response to Reply #29
33. "as more chaplains come from evangelical Christian traditions"
:scared:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
BiggJawn Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 09:15 AM
Response to Original message
35. Oh, keep yourself "Sexually Pure"! By ALL means!
Blood on your hands, but no cumstains in your skivvies!

GAWD will be SO pleased!
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
ihelpu2see Donating Member (935 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 09:20 AM
Response to Original message
36. Just waite until your married???.... Nothing like marrige to decrease the
frequency of sex in your relationship.... I will preface that by saying I am happily married and faithful, the frequency is just sub par...
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
BiggJawn Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 07:32 AM
Response to Reply #36
54. I noticed that, too. Both marriages.
But just wait until Menopause rolls around. Makes both my ex's seem like Nymphos.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
ihelpu2see Donating Member (935 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 09:22 AM
Response to Original message
37. And what of the female sodiers are they allowed to masturbate?? eom
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Lydia Leftcoast Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 04:30 PM
Response to Reply #37
45. Well, of course, no GOOD woman would have sexual desires
:sarcasm:

Interesting historical sidelight: In the nineteenth century, Britain made male homosexuality a criminal offense but excluded lesbianism because Queen Victoria couldn't believe that women would "do such things."
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Danmel Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 10:26 AM
Response to Original message
39. These people need therapy
They really do- they are just so unhinged. This is what they are worrying about? Protecting 20 year olds who are facing death and dismemberment from masturbation? I think they need to learn to prioritize.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
newspeak Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 11:52 AM
Response to Original message
40. I believe it was Wilhelm Reich
in his book about fascism, that argued sexual inhibitions led to violence and perversion. So do sexually inhibited soldiers make better killing machines?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
mopinko Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 10:08 AM
Response to Reply #40
57. ding, ding, ding
i believe we have a winner.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
rayofreason Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 12:50 PM
Response to Original message
41. Its not masturbation...
...that they worry about - its polygamy. Molly Thumb and the four whores.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Kailassa Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 03:46 PM
Response to Original message
44. And it's all based on a misinterpretation of the bible.
Onan's brother died, so his father told him to "marry" his brother's wife, as was the custom of the time. Marriage in those days did not involve any ceremony. To marry a girl you got her pregnant and supported her.

well, Onan hopped into bed with his dead brother's wife to make his father happy, but he did not want to actually be lumbered with the duty of supporting her. So he practiced coitus interuptus, withdrawing and "spilling his seed on the ground". God was apparently rather pissed off at Onan's refusal to fulfill his responsibilities, and struck him dead.

As the Christian church likes to manage people by denying them pleasure, it looked for an anti-masturbation story, and this was the closest it could find. But, of course, the real meaning was that God will kill us if we don't fuck out brothers' wives properly.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
VegasWolf Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 04:53 PM
Response to Original message
46. Wonder how much the Bush Defense Dept paid the Christian lunies
for these shit boxes?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
agincourt Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 04:55 PM
Response to Original message
47. It's about the clerics having absolute power,
If you can control peoples sexual, eating and drinking habits you can control them in other ways as well. Hell was invented so that priests and theocrats can control the population better. It's actually a bit ominous that these church leaders think they can do stuff like this. That the theocrats think that they can find people malleable enough for this.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
deadparrot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 05:00 PM
Response to Original message
48. Holy fuck. Let those poor men and women do what they need
Edited on Sun Oct-30-05 05:11 PM by deadparrot
to get through the day in that hellhole.

On edit: Yes, I know there are many unfortunate turns of phrase in this post, but I the message itself was not meant as a joke. :)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
jmowreader Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 10:38 PM
Response to Original message
51. I remember my fundie chaplain
Oh my, this guy was a pain in the ass.

When he first arrived in the unit, he had a mandatory meeting with all of the soldiers. He passed out these forms that asked for name, rank, unit, and whether you were sure you'd go to heaven if you died tonight. He never got mine, but Scott Bradshaw turned in one that said "I'm pretty sure that if I died tonight I wouldn't go to heaven, but that's okay because if I go to hell I won't have to worry about running into anyone like you."

How big a PITA could this guy be? He'd come through the site asking people if there was anything he could do for them--anything at all. Just name it and I'll do it. Fine, chaplain, you want something to do, I'll fix you up. We recovered a new Russian obscenity yesterday. It needs to be reported but no one has time to write it up, so you get to be the one to do it. Write a tech exchange about the new obscenity and have it ready to go out by the end of the shift, okay? (For some strange reason, he never came to the site after that.)

Fortunately for us all, the fundie chaplain got a Chick Tract rack, put it in the vestibule of the post chapel, and filled it with anti-Catholic tracts. Oops. The field station commander and both of the battalion commanders were devout Catholics, and our fundie chaplain wound up in one of the infantry battalions.

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Ilsa Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-30-05 10:44 PM
Response to Original message
52. In the first Persian Gulf War, my brother said
that soldiers and the few women soldiers there were hooking up all the time, thinking they were all going to be killed tomorrow by Saddam's Republican Guard and the scud missile attacks. He said they were thinking about sex about as much as they were thinking about their actual jobs.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Blue_Tires Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 02:42 AM
Response to Original message
53. lol
i think the military wives back home need this book more than soldiers in the field (if any of the stories i've heard over the years are true)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Vinca Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 07:38 AM
Response to Original message
55. This is beyond belief. Masturbation?
What the hell is wrong with masturbation? Just what we need - angry, sexually frustrated young men "spreading democracy" in Iraq.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
B3Nut Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 09:59 AM
Response to Reply #55
56. Why, because...
Every Sperm is Sacred!
Every Sperm is Great!
If a Sperm is Wasted,
God gets Quite Irate!

(I don't know if this thread needs any cowbell, but it sure as hell was screaming for some Monty Python!) :D

Todd in Beerbratistan :beer:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
grilled onions Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Mon Oct-31-05 11:01 AM
Response to Original message
58. The Salt Peter Cookbook
Soon every cook in the military will have recipes for salt peter stew and souffle ala salt peter to help curb those "hot flashes".
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
DU AdBot (1000+ posts) Click to send private message to this author Click to view 
this author's profile Click to add 
this author to your buddy list Click to add 
this author to your Ignore list Thu May 02nd 2024, 03:20 AM
Response to Original message
Advertisements [?]
 Top

Home » Discuss » Latest Breaking News Donate to DU

Powered by DCForum+ Version 1.1 Copyright 1997-2002 DCScripts.com
Software has been extensively modified by the DU administrators


Important Notices: By participating on this discussion board, visitors agree to abide by the rules outlined on our Rules page. Messages posted on the Democratic Underground Discussion Forums are the opinions of the individuals who post them, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Democratic Underground, LLC.

Home  |  Discussion Forums  |  Journals |  Store  |  Donate

About DU  |  Contact Us  |  Privacy Policy

Got a message for Democratic Underground? Click here to send us a message.

© 2001 - 2011 Democratic Underground, LLC